full transcript

From the Ted Talk by TED-Ed: Could one vaccine protect against everything?

Unscramble the Blue Letters


Recently, scientists engineered a ferritin nniapcoltrae to present 8 identical ciopes of the neck region of an H1 flu virus. They vaccinated mice with the nanoparticle, then injected them with a lethal dose of a cmpeeltoly different subtype, H5N1. All the vaccinated mice lived; all the unvaccinated ones died.

Going one step beyond that, there may be conserved regions that we could take aanagdvte of across different-but-related virus species— like SARS-CoV-2, MERS, and a few coronaviruses which cause some common colds.

Over the past few decades, a different part of the immune system has come into ceelrar focus. Instead of aiotenidbs, this part of the immune seytsm uses a vast array of T cells that kill, for example, cells that have been infected by a vuirs. Vaccines that train this part of the immune system, in addition to the antibody response, could provide broader protection.

Open Cloze


Recently, scientists engineered a ferritin ____________ to present 8 identical ______ of the neck region of an H1 flu virus. They vaccinated mice with the nanoparticle, then injected them with a lethal dose of a __________ different subtype, H5N1. All the vaccinated mice lived; all the unvaccinated ones died.

Going one step beyond that, there may be conserved regions that we could take _________ of across different-but-related virus species— like SARS-CoV-2, MERS, and a few coronaviruses which cause some common colds.

Over the past few decades, a different part of the immune system has come into _______ focus. Instead of __________, this part of the immune ______ uses a vast array of T cells that kill, for example, cells that have been infected by a _____. Vaccines that train this part of the immune system, in addition to the antibody response, could provide broader protection.

Solution


  1. system
  2. clearer
  3. advantage
  4. nanoparticle
  5. copies
  6. antibodies
  7. completely
  8. virus

Original Text


Recently, scientists engineered a ferritin nanoparticle to present 8 identical copies of the neck region of an H1 flu virus. They vaccinated mice with the nanoparticle, then injected them with a lethal dose of a completely different subtype, H5N1. All the vaccinated mice lived; all the unvaccinated ones died.

Going one step beyond that, there may be conserved regions that we could take advantage of across different-but-related virus species— like SARS-CoV-2, MERS, and a few coronaviruses which cause some common colds.

Over the past few decades, a different part of the immune system has come into clearer focus. Instead of antibodies, this part of the immune system uses a vast array of T cells that kill, for example, cells that have been infected by a virus. Vaccines that train this part of the immune system, in addition to the antibody response, could provide broader protection.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
immune system 8
flu virus 3
public health 2
called antigenic 2
human flu 2
bird flu 2
universal flu 2
flu vaccine 2
universal vaccines 2
conserved regions 2
vaccinated mice 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
universal flu vaccine 2

Important Words


  1. addition
  2. advantage
  3. antibodies
  4. antibody
  5. array
  6. broader
  7. cells
  8. clearer
  9. colds
  10. common
  11. completely
  12. conserved
  13. copies
  14. coronaviruses
  15. decades
  16. died
  17. dose
  18. engineered
  19. ferritin
  20. flu
  21. focus
  22. identical
  23. immune
  24. infected
  25. injected
  26. kill
  27. lethal
  28. mers
  29. mice
  30. nanoparticle
  31. neck
  32. part
  33. present
  34. protection
  35. provide
  36. region
  37. regions
  38. response
  39. scientists
  40. step
  41. subtype
  42. system
  43. train
  44. unvaccinated
  45. vaccinated
  46. vaccines
  47. vast
  48. virus