full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Rob Dunbar: Discovering ancient climates in oceans and ice

Unscramble the Blue Letters


There's consequences for carbonate organisms. There are many organisms that build their shells out of calcium carbonate — plants and animals both. The main framework mtiaaerl of coral reefs is clucaim carbonate. That material is more soluble in aidicc fluid. So one of the things we're seeing is osirmagns are having to spend more metabolic energy to build and maintain their shells. At some point, as this transience, as this CO2 uapkte in the ocean cntenoius, that material's actually going to start to dissolve. And on coral reefs, where some of the main framework organisms disappear, we will see a mjaor loss of marine biodiversity. But it's not just the cotnabrae producers that are affected. There's many physiological processes that are influenced by the acidity of the ocean. So many reactions involving enzymes and proteins are sensitive to the acid content of the oeacn. So, all of these things — greater mioalebtc demands, reduced reproductive success, changes in respiration and metabolism. You know, these are things that we have good physiological reasons to expect to see srtsseed caused by this transience.

Open Cloze


There's consequences for carbonate organisms. There are many organisms that build their shells out of calcium carbonate — plants and animals both. The main framework ________ of coral reefs is _______ carbonate. That material is more soluble in ______ fluid. So one of the things we're seeing is _________ are having to spend more metabolic energy to build and maintain their shells. At some point, as this transience, as this CO2 ______ in the ocean _________, that material's actually going to start to dissolve. And on coral reefs, where some of the main framework organisms disappear, we will see a _____ loss of marine biodiversity. But it's not just the _________ producers that are affected. There's many physiological processes that are influenced by the acidity of the ocean. So many reactions involving enzymes and proteins are sensitive to the acid content of the _____. So, all of these things — greater _________ demands, reduced reproductive success, changes in respiration and metabolism. You know, these are things that we have good physiological reasons to expect to see ________ caused by this transience.

Solution


  1. major
  2. ocean
  3. calcium
  4. material
  5. uptake
  6. stressed
  7. carbonate
  8. acidic
  9. organisms
  10. metabolic
  11. continues

Original Text


There's consequences for carbonate organisms. There are many organisms that build their shells out of calcium carbonate — plants and animals both. The main framework material of coral reefs is calcium carbonate. That material is more soluble in acidic fluid. So one of the things we're seeing is organisms are having to spend more metabolic energy to build and maintain their shells. At some point, as this transience, as this CO2 uptake in the ocean continues, that material's actually going to start to dissolve. And on coral reefs, where some of the main framework organisms disappear, we will see a major loss of marine biodiversity. But it's not just the carbonate producers that are affected. There's many physiological processes that are influenced by the acidity of the ocean. So many reactions involving enzymes and proteins are sensitive to the acid content of the ocean. So, all of these things — greater metabolic demands, reduced reproductive success, changes in respiration and metabolism. You know, these are things that we have good physiological reasons to expect to see stressed caused by this transience.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
sea level 5
ice shelf 5
climate change 4
ocean acidification 4
el nino 4
ice sheet 4
million years 4
carbon dioxide 3
el ninos 3
natural variability 3
floating ice 3
ross sea 3
global warming 3
bore hole 2
west antarctica 2
sea floor 2
level rises 2
west antarctic 2
antarctic ice 2
planet warmed 2
galapagos islands 2
thousand years 2
degree centigrade 2
calcium carbonate 2
main framework 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
floating ice shelf 3
sea level rises 2
west antarctic ice 2

Important Words


  1. acid
  2. acidic
  3. acidity
  4. affected
  5. animals
  6. biodiversity
  7. build
  8. calcium
  9. carbonate
  10. caused
  11. consequences
  12. content
  13. continues
  14. coral
  15. demands
  16. disappear
  17. dissolve
  18. energy
  19. enzymes
  20. expect
  21. fluid
  22. framework
  23. good
  24. greater
  25. influenced
  26. involving
  27. loss
  28. main
  29. maintain
  30. major
  31. marine
  32. material
  33. metabolic
  34. metabolism
  35. ocean
  36. organisms
  37. physiological
  38. plants
  39. point
  40. processes
  41. producers
  42. proteins
  43. reactions
  44. reasons
  45. reduced
  46. reefs
  47. reproductive
  48. respiration
  49. sensitive
  50. shells
  51. soluble
  52. spend
  53. start
  54. stressed
  55. success
  56. transience
  57. uptake