full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Cynthia Kenyon: Experiments that hint of longer lives

Unscramble the Blue Letters


So this is really ecinxitg to me. A FOXO is a protein that we found in these little, round worms to affect lepfsian, and here it affects lifespan in people. So we've been trying in our lab now to develop drugs that will activate this FOXO cell using human cells now in order to try and come up with drugs that will delay angig and age-related diseases. And I'm really optimistic that this is going to work.

There are lots of different proteins that are known to affect aging. And for at least one of them, there is a drug. There's one caleld TOR, which is another neinrutt sensor, like the insulin pathway. And mutntioas that damage the TOR gene — just like the daf-2 mutations — extend lifespan in worms and flies and mice. But in this case, there's already a drug called rapamycin that binds to the TOR protein and itbniihs its activity. And you can take rapamycin and give it to a muose — even when it's pretty old, like age 60 for a hmaun, that old for a mouse — if you give the mouse rapamycin, it will live longer.

Open Cloze


So this is really ________ to me. A FOXO is a protein that we found in these little, round worms to affect ________, and here it affects lifespan in people. So we've been trying in our lab now to develop drugs that will activate this FOXO cell using human cells now in order to try and come up with drugs that will delay _____ and age-related diseases. And I'm really optimistic that this is going to work.

There are lots of different proteins that are known to affect aging. And for at least one of them, there is a drug. There's one ______ TOR, which is another ________ sensor, like the insulin pathway. And _________ that damage the TOR gene — just like the daf-2 mutations — extend lifespan in worms and flies and mice. But in this case, there's already a drug called rapamycin that binds to the TOR protein and ________ its activity. And you can take rapamycin and give it to a _____ — even when it's pretty old, like age 60 for a _____, that old for a mouse — if you give the mouse rapamycin, it will live longer.

Solution


  1. called
  2. human
  3. exciting
  4. lifespan
  5. aging
  6. inhibits
  7. mouse
  8. mutations
  9. nutrient

Original Text


So this is really exciting to me. A FOXO is a protein that we found in these little, round worms to affect lifespan, and here it affects lifespan in people. So we've been trying in our lab now to develop drugs that will activate this FOXO cell using human cells now in order to try and come up with drugs that will delay aging and age-related diseases. And I'm really optimistic that this is going to work.

There are lots of different proteins that are known to affect aging. And for at least one of them, there is a drug. There's one called TOR, which is another nutrient sensor, like the insulin pathway. And mutations that damage the TOR gene — just like the daf-2 mutations — extend lifespan in worms and flies and mice. But in this case, there's already a drug called rapamycin that binds to the TOR protein and inhibits its activity. And you can take rapamycin and give it to a mouse — even when it's pretty old, like age 60 for a human, that old for a mouse — if you give the mouse rapamycin, it will live longer.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
hormone receptor 5
live longer 4
normal worms 3
long time 2
extend lifespan 2
normal worm 2
affect aging 2
immune system 2
foxo gene 2
foxo genes 2
extending human 2


Important Words


  1. activate
  2. activity
  3. affect
  4. affects
  5. age
  6. aging
  7. binds
  8. called
  9. case
  10. cell
  11. cells
  12. damage
  13. delay
  14. develop
  15. diseases
  16. drug
  17. drugs
  18. exciting
  19. extend
  20. flies
  21. foxo
  22. gene
  23. give
  24. human
  25. inhibits
  26. insulin
  27. lab
  28. lifespan
  29. live
  30. longer
  31. lots
  32. mice
  33. mouse
  34. mutations
  35. nutrient
  36. optimistic
  37. order
  38. pathway
  39. people
  40. pretty
  41. protein
  42. proteins
  43. rapamycin
  44. sensor
  45. tor
  46. work
  47. worms