full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Andrea M. Henle: How CRISPR lets you edit DNA

Unscramble the Blue Letters


Once the DNA is cut, the cell will try to repair it. tcayliply, peoinrts called nucleases trim the broken ends and join them back together. But this type of repair process, called nonhomologous end joining, is pnroe to mistakes and can lead to extra or missing bases. The resulting gene is often usunalbe and turned off. However, if scientists add a srtaeape sqcenuee of template DNA to their CRISPR ciaocktl, cellular proteins can perform a different DNA repair process, caelld homology directed repair. This template DNA is used as a blueprint to guide the rebuilding process, repairing a deveicfte gene or even inserting a completely new one.

Open Cloze


Once the DNA is cut, the cell will try to repair it. _________, ________ called nucleases trim the broken ends and join them back together. But this type of repair process, called nonhomologous end joining, is _____ to mistakes and can lead to extra or missing bases. The resulting gene is often ________ and turned off. However, if scientists add a ________ ________ of template DNA to their CRISPR ________, cellular proteins can perform a different DNA repair process, ______ homology directed repair. This template DNA is used as a blueprint to guide the rebuilding process, repairing a _________ gene or even inserting a completely new one.

Solution


  1. cocktail
  2. typically
  3. called
  4. prone
  5. unusable
  6. separate
  7. sequence
  8. defective
  9. proteins

Original Text


Once the DNA is cut, the cell will try to repair it. Typically, proteins called nucleases trim the broken ends and join them back together. But this type of repair process, called nonhomologous end joining, is prone to mistakes and can lead to extra or missing bases. The resulting gene is often unusable and turned off. However, if scientists add a separate sequence of template DNA to their CRISPR cocktail, cellular proteins can perform a different DNA repair process, called homology directed repair. This template DNA is used as a blueprint to guide the rebuilding process, repairing a defective gene or even inserting a completely new one.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
gene editing 2
immune system 2
molecular scissors 2
virus invades 2
viral dna 2
guide rna 2
template dna 2


Important Words


  1. add
  2. bases
  3. blueprint
  4. broken
  5. called
  6. cell
  7. cellular
  8. cocktail
  9. completely
  10. crispr
  11. cut
  12. defective
  13. directed
  14. dna
  15. ends
  16. extra
  17. gene
  18. guide
  19. homology
  20. inserting
  21. join
  22. joining
  23. lead
  24. missing
  25. mistakes
  26. nonhomologous
  27. nucleases
  28. perform
  29. process
  30. prone
  31. proteins
  32. rebuilding
  33. repair
  34. repairing
  35. resulting
  36. scientists
  37. separate
  38. sequence
  39. template
  40. trim
  41. turned
  42. type
  43. typically
  44. unusable