TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Daniel Dulek: How big is a mole? (Not the animal, the other one.)

Unscramble the Blue Letters

OK, today we're going to talk about the mole. Now, I know what you're thinking: "I know what a mole is, it's a small furry cuaretre that digs holes in the ground and destroys gardens." And some of you might be thinking that it's a growth on your aunt's face with hairs sticking out of it. Well, in this case, a mole is a concept that we use in chitremsy to count molecules, atoms, just about anything extremely small. Have you ever wondered how many atoms there are in the universe? Or in your body? Or even in a grain of sand? Scientists have watned to asnewr that quietosn, but how do you count something as small as an atom? Well, in 1811, someone had an idea that if you had equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, they would contain an euqal nmbuer of particles. His name was Lorenzo Romano Amedeo claro Avogadro. I wonder how long it took him to sign autographs. Unfortunately for Avogadro, most scientists didn't apecct the idea of the atom, and there was no way to povre he was right. There was no clear diceefrnfe between atoms and molecules. Most scientists looked at Avogadro's work as purely hypothetical, and didn't give it much toguhht. But it turned out he was right! By late 1860, Avogadro was proven correct, and his work heelpd lay the foundation for the atomic theory. Unfortunately, Avogadro died in 1856. Now the thing is that the amount of particles in even small samples is tremendous. For example, If you have a balloon of any gas at zero degrees Celcius, and at a pressure of one atmosphere, then you have precisely six hundred and two sleltxioin gas pirealtcs. That is, you have six with 23 zeros after it particles of gas in the container. Or in sciteifnic nootatin, 6.02 teims 10 to the 23rd particles. This example is a little misleading, because gases take up a lot of space due to the high kietinc energy of the gas particles, and it leeavs you thinking aomts are bigger than they really are. Instead, think of water molecules. If you pour 18.01 grams of wtear into a glass, which is 18.01 milliliters, which is like three and a half teaspoons of water, you'll have 602 sextillion muleoecls of water. Since loerzno ranomo - uh, never mind - Avogadro was the first one to come up with this idea, scientists named the number 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd after him. It is simply known as Avogadros's number. Now, back to the mole. Not that mole. This mole. Yep, this number has a second name. The mole. Chemists use the term mole to refer to the quantities that are at the miutagnde of 602 sextillion. This is known as a molar quantity. Atoms and molecules are so small, that chemists have beldund them into groups called moles. Moles are hard for students to understand because they have a hard time picturing the size of a mole, or of 602 sextillion. It's just too big to wrap our brains around. Remember our 18.01 milliliters of water? Well, that's a mole of water. But how much is that? Exactly what does 602 sextillion look like? Maybe this'll help. enchgaxe the water particles for donuts. If you had a mole of donuts, they would cover the erntie earth to a depth of eight kilometers, which is about five miles. You really need a lot of coffee for that. If you had a mole of basketballs, you could create a new panlet the size of the earth. If you received a mole of pennies on the day you were born and snept a million dollars a second until the day you died at the age of 100, you would still have more than 99.99% of your money in the bank. OK. Now we sort of have an idea how large the mole is. So how do we use it? You might be surprised to know that cmetihss use it the same way you use pounds to buy gperas, deli meat, or eggs. When you go to the grocery srtoe, you don't go to the deli counter and ask for 43 slices of salami, you buy your salami by the pound. When you buy your eggs, you buy a dozen eggs. When we hear the word dozen, we probably think of the number 12. We also know that a pair is two, a baker's dozen is 13, a gsors is 144, and a ream of paper is - anybody? A ream is 500. Well, a mole is really the same thing. For a chemist, a mole cjneuors up the number 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd, not a fuzzy little animal. The only difference is that the other qtieuntais are more familiar to us. So there you have it - the story of the mole, Avogadro, basketballs, and how to buy salami at the grocery store.

Open Cloze

OK, today we're going to talk about the mole. Now, I know what you're thinking: "I know what a mole is, it's a small furry ________ that digs holes in the ground and destroys gardens." And some of you might be thinking that it's a growth on your aunt's face with hairs sticking out of it. Well, in this case, a mole is a concept that we use in _________ to count molecules, atoms, just about anything extremely small. Have you ever wondered how many atoms there are in the universe? Or in your body? Or even in a grain of sand? Scientists have ______ to ______ that ________, but how do you count something as small as an atom? Well, in 1811, someone had an idea that if you had equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, they would contain an _____ ______ of particles. His name was Lorenzo Romano Amedeo _____ Avogadro. I wonder how long it took him to sign autographs. Unfortunately for Avogadro, most scientists didn't ______ the idea of the atom, and there was no way to _____ he was right. There was no clear __________ between atoms and molecules. Most scientists looked at Avogadro's work as purely hypothetical, and didn't give it much _______. But it turned out he was right! By late 1860, Avogadro was proven correct, and his work ______ lay the foundation for the atomic theory. Unfortunately, Avogadro died in 1856. Now the thing is that the amount of particles in even small samples is tremendous. For example, If you have a balloon of any gas at zero degrees Celcius, and at a pressure of one atmosphere, then you have precisely six hundred and two __________ gas _________. That is, you have six with 23 zeros after it particles of gas in the container. Or in __________ ________, 6.02 _____ 10 to the 23rd particles. This example is a little misleading, because gases take up a lot of space due to the high _______ energy of the gas particles, and it ______ you thinking _____ are bigger than they really are. Instead, think of water molecules. If you pour 18.01 grams of _____ into a glass, which is 18.01 milliliters, which is like three and a half teaspoons of water, you'll have 602 sextillion _________ of water. Since _______ ______ - uh, never mind - Avogadro was the first one to come up with this idea, scientists named the number 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd after him. It is simply known as Avogadros's number. Now, back to the mole. Not that mole. This mole. Yep, this number has a second name. The mole. Chemists use the term mole to refer to the quantities that are at the _________ of 602 sextillion. This is known as a molar quantity. Atoms and molecules are so small, that chemists have _______ them into groups called moles. Moles are hard for students to understand because they have a hard time picturing the size of a mole, or of 602 sextillion. It's just too big to wrap our brains around. Remember our 18.01 milliliters of water? Well, that's a mole of water. But how much is that? Exactly what does 602 sextillion look like? Maybe this'll help. ________ the water particles for donuts. If you had a mole of donuts, they would cover the ______ earth to a depth of eight kilometers, which is about five miles. You really need a lot of coffee for that. If you had a mole of basketballs, you could create a new ______ the size of the earth. If you received a mole of pennies on the day you were born and _____ a million dollars a second until the day you died at the age of 100, you would still have more than 99.99% of your money in the bank. OK. Now we sort of have an idea how large the mole is. So how do we use it? You might be surprised to know that ________ use it the same way you use pounds to buy ______, deli meat, or eggs. When you go to the grocery _____, you don't go to the deli counter and ask for 43 slices of salami, you buy your salami by the pound. When you buy your eggs, you buy a dozen eggs. When we hear the word dozen, we probably think of the number 12. We also know that a pair is two, a baker's dozen is 13, a _____ is 144, and a ream of paper is - anybody? A ream is 500. Well, a mole is really the same thing. For a chemist, a mole ________ up the number 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd, not a fuzzy little animal. The only difference is that the other __________ are more familiar to us. So there you have it - the story of the mole, Avogadro, basketballs, and how to buy salami at the grocery store.

Solution

store
exchange
chemistry
accept
creature
number
answer
difference
chemists
atoms
scientific
kinetic
quantities
planet
romano
entire
thought
sextillion
wanted
water
prove
bundled
notation
gross
lorenzo
helped
carlo
molecules
grapes
spent
conjures
magnitude
question
leaves
times
equal
particles

Original Text

OK, today we're going to talk about the mole. Now, I know what you're thinking: "I know what a mole is, it's a small furry creature that digs holes in the ground and destroys gardens." And some of you might be thinking that it's a growth on your aunt's face with hairs sticking out of it. Well, in this case, a mole is a concept that we use in chemistry to count molecules, atoms, just about anything extremely small. Have you ever wondered how many atoms there are in the universe? Or in your body? Or even in a grain of sand? Scientists have wanted to answer that question, but how do you count something as small as an atom? Well, in 1811, someone had an idea that if you had equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, they would contain an equal number of particles. His name was Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro. I wonder how long it took him to sign autographs. Unfortunately for Avogadro, most scientists didn't accept the idea of the atom, and there was no way to prove he was right. There was no clear difference between atoms and molecules. Most scientists looked at Avogadro's work as purely hypothetical, and didn't give it much thought. But it turned out he was right! By late 1860, Avogadro was proven correct, and his work helped lay the foundation for the atomic theory. Unfortunately, Avogadro died in 1856. Now the thing is that the amount of particles in even small samples is tremendous. For example, If you have a balloon of any gas at zero degrees Celcius, and at a pressure of one atmosphere, then you have precisely six hundred and two sextillion gas particles. That is, you have six with 23 zeros after it particles of gas in the container. Or in scientific notation, 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd particles. This example is a little misleading, because gases take up a lot of space due to the high kinetic energy of the gas particles, and it leaves you thinking atoms are bigger than they really are. Instead, think of water molecules. If you pour 18.01 grams of water into a glass, which is 18.01 milliliters, which is like three and a half teaspoons of water, you'll have 602 sextillion molecules of water. Since Lorenzo Romano - uh, never mind - Avogadro was the first one to come up with this idea, scientists named the number 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd after him. It is simply known as Avogadros's number. Now, back to the mole. Not that mole. This mole. Yep, this number has a second name. The mole. Chemists use the term mole to refer to the quantities that are at the magnitude of 602 sextillion. This is known as a molar quantity. Atoms and molecules are so small, that chemists have bundled them into groups called moles. Moles are hard for students to understand because they have a hard time picturing the size of a mole, or of 602 sextillion. It's just too big to wrap our brains around. Remember our 18.01 milliliters of water? Well, that's a mole of water. But how much is that? Exactly what does 602 sextillion look like? Maybe this'll help. Exchange the water particles for donuts. If you had a mole of donuts, they would cover the entire earth to a depth of eight kilometers, which is about five miles. You really need a lot of coffee for that. If you had a mole of basketballs, you could create a new planet the size of the earth. If you received a mole of pennies on the day you were born and spent a million dollars a second until the day you died at the age of 100, you would still have more than 99.99% of your money in the bank. OK. Now we sort of have an idea how large the mole is. So how do we use it? You might be surprised to know that chemists use it the same way you use pounds to buy grapes, deli meat, or eggs. When you go to the grocery store, you don't go to the deli counter and ask for 43 slices of salami, you buy your salami by the pound. When you buy your eggs, you buy a dozen eggs. When we hear the word dozen, we probably think of the number 12. We also know that a pair is two, a baker's dozen is 13, a gross is 144, and a ream of paper is - anybody? A ream is 500. Well, a mole is really the same thing. For a chemist, a mole conjures up the number 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd, not a fuzzy little animal. The only difference is that the other quantities are more familiar to us. So there you have it - the story of the mole, Avogadro, basketballs, and how to buy salami at the grocery store.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
lorenzo romano	2

Important Words

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atom
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