TedTest

From the Ted Talk by NWHunter: How do contraceptives work?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

Here's what has to happen for pregnancy to occur after sexual intercourse. Sperm must swim up the vagina, through the cervical onipneg, upwards through the uertus, and into one of the two fallopian tubes. If an egg, released during that month's olvoauitn, is in the tube, one sperm has a chance to fertilize it. cpaieevntrocts are designed to prevent this process, and they work in three basic ways. They block the srepm, disable sperm before they rcaeh the uterus, or suppress ovulation. Block is the slimpest. Male and felmae condoms prevent sperm from cnmiog into contact with the vaginal scape. That barrier is also why they, unlike other ccroepvntatie methods, are able to prevent transmission of certain sexually transmitted diseases. Meanwhile, the daiprgham, cervical cap, and sponge work by being placed over the cervix, barricading the entrance to the uterus. These contraceptives are sometimes called barrier methods and can be used with spermicides, an example of the second category, daibsle. A spermicide is a chemical that immobilizes and destroys sperm. Today's spermicides come as foam, cream, jelly, siteprosoupis, and even a thin piece of translucent film that dissolves in the vagina. These products can be inserted directly into the vnaiga before intercourse, or can be combined with block methods, like a diaphragm or condom, for added proection. The third category for preventing parncngey works by suppressing the action of an egg muntraig in the ovary. If there isn't an egg available in the fillaopan tube, there's nothing for sperm to fertilize. Hormonal contraceptives, including the pill, the ptach, the Depo shot, and the vaginal ring all release synthetic versions of various combinations of progesterone and estrogen. This hormone cocktail spruseepss ovulation, keeping the irammtue egg safely sequestered in the ovary. Synthetic peosrnetgroe also has a block trick up its sleeve. It makes cervical mucus too thick and sticky for sperm to swim through esaliy. There are other contraceptives that use multiple approaches at the same time. For example, many IUDs, or intrauterine devices, contain synthetic hormones which suppress ovulation. Some also contain copper, which disable sperm while also making egg ittopimnlaan in the uterus difficult. Block, disable, or suppress: is one strategy better than the other? There are differences, but a lot of it has to do with how convenient and easy it is to use each contraceptive correctly. For example, male condoms would be about 98% effective if everyone used them perfectly. That 98% means if 100 couples correctly used condoms for a year, two women would get pregnant. But not everyone uses them correctly, so they're only 82% effective in prcctiae. Other methods, like the patch and pill, are 99% effective when they're used perlftecy. But in practice, that's 91%. Spermicide is only 85% effective, even with perfect usage, and just 71% effective with typical uagse. Another important consideration in the choice of contraceptives are side effects, which almost exclusively affect women rather than men. Hormonal methods in particular can cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, and high blood pressure, but they vary from woman to woman. That's why these mdeoths require a prescription from a dtoocr. The cicohe of contraceptive method is a personal one, and what works best for you now may change later. stisetincs also cutoinne to research new methods, such as a male pill that would pevernt sperm production. In the meantime, there are quite a few options to block sperm, disable them, or suppress eggs and keep them out of reach.

Open Cloze

Here's what has to happen for pregnancy to occur after sexual intercourse. Sperm must swim up the vagina, through the cervical _______, upwards through the ______, and into one of the two fallopian tubes. If an egg, released during that month's _________, is in the tube, one sperm has a chance to fertilize it. ______________ are designed to prevent this process, and they work in three basic ways. They block the _____, disable sperm before they _____ the uterus, or suppress ovulation. Block is the ________. Male and ______ condoms prevent sperm from ______ into contact with the vaginal _____. That barrier is also why they, unlike other _____________ methods, are able to prevent transmission of certain sexually transmitted diseases. Meanwhile, the _________, cervical cap, and sponge work by being placed over the cervix, barricading the entrance to the uterus. These contraceptives are sometimes called barrier methods and can be used with spermicides, an example of the second category, _______. A spermicide is a chemical that immobilizes and destroys sperm. Today's spermicides come as foam, cream, jelly, _____________, and even a thin piece of translucent film that dissolves in the vagina. These products can be inserted directly into the ______ before intercourse, or can be combined with block methods, like a diaphragm or condom, for added proection. The third category for preventing _________ works by suppressing the action of an egg ________ in the ovary. If there isn't an egg available in the _________ tube, there's nothing for sperm to fertilize. Hormonal contraceptives, including the pill, the _____, the Depo shot, and the vaginal ring all release synthetic versions of various combinations of progesterone and estrogen. This hormone cocktail __________ ovulation, keeping the ________ egg safely sequestered in the ovary. Synthetic ____________ also has a block trick up its sleeve. It makes cervical mucus too thick and sticky for sperm to swim through ______. There are other contraceptives that use multiple approaches at the same time. For example, many IUDs, or intrauterine devices, contain synthetic hormones which suppress ovulation. Some also contain copper, which disable sperm while also making egg ____________ in the uterus difficult. Block, disable, or suppress: is one strategy better than the other? There are differences, but a lot of it has to do with how convenient and easy it is to use each contraceptive correctly. For example, male condoms would be about 98% effective if everyone used them perfectly. That 98% means if 100 couples correctly used condoms for a year, two women would get pregnant. But not everyone uses them correctly, so they're only 82% effective in ________. Other methods, like the patch and pill, are 99% effective when they're used _________. But in practice, that's 91%. Spermicide is only 85% effective, even with perfect usage, and just 71% effective with typical _____. Another important consideration in the choice of contraceptives are side effects, which almost exclusively affect women rather than men. Hormonal methods in particular can cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, and high blood pressure, but they vary from woman to woman. That's why these _______ require a prescription from a ______. The ______ of contraceptive method is a personal one, and what works best for you now may change later. __________ also ________ to research new methods, such as a male pill that would _______ sperm production. In the meantime, there are quite a few options to block sperm, disable them, or suppress eggs and keep them out of reach.

Solution

prevent
space
continue
implantation
contraceptives
immature
perfectly
practice
scientists
choice
contraceptive
suppositories
opening
diaphragm
progesterone
sperm
patch
methods
easily
simplest
fallopian
usage
uterus
coming
reach
pregnancy
suppresses
vagina
disable
ovulation
female
doctor
maturing

Original Text

Here's what has to happen for pregnancy to occur after sexual intercourse. Sperm must swim up the vagina, through the cervical opening, upwards through the uterus, and into one of the two fallopian tubes. If an egg, released during that month's ovulation, is in the tube, one sperm has a chance to fertilize it. Contraceptives are designed to prevent this process, and they work in three basic ways. They block the sperm, disable sperm before they reach the uterus, or suppress ovulation. Block is the simplest. Male and female condoms prevent sperm from coming into contact with the vaginal space. That barrier is also why they, unlike other contraceptive methods, are able to prevent transmission of certain sexually transmitted diseases. Meanwhile, the diaphragm, cervical cap, and sponge work by being placed over the cervix, barricading the entrance to the uterus. These contraceptives are sometimes called barrier methods and can be used with spermicides, an example of the second category, disable. A spermicide is a chemical that immobilizes and destroys sperm. Today's spermicides come as foam, cream, jelly, suppositories, and even a thin piece of translucent film that dissolves in the vagina. These products can be inserted directly into the vagina before intercourse, or can be combined with block methods, like a diaphragm or condom, for added proection. The third category for preventing pregnancy works by suppressing the action of an egg maturing in the ovary. If there isn't an egg available in the fallopian tube, there's nothing for sperm to fertilize. Hormonal contraceptives, including the pill, the patch, the Depo shot, and the vaginal ring all release synthetic versions of various combinations of progesterone and estrogen. This hormone cocktail suppresses ovulation, keeping the immature egg safely sequestered in the ovary. Synthetic progesterone also has a block trick up its sleeve. It makes cervical mucus too thick and sticky for sperm to swim through easily. There are other contraceptives that use multiple approaches at the same time. For example, many IUDs, or intrauterine devices, contain synthetic hormones which suppress ovulation. Some also contain copper, which disable sperm while also making egg implantation in the uterus difficult. Block, disable, or suppress: is one strategy better than the other? There are differences, but a lot of it has to do with how convenient and easy it is to use each contraceptive correctly. For example, male condoms would be about 98% effective if everyone used them perfectly. That 98% means if 100 couples correctly used condoms for a year, two women would get pregnant. But not everyone uses them correctly, so they're only 82% effective in practice. Other methods, like the patch and pill, are 99% effective when they're used perfectly. But in practice, that's 91%. Spermicide is only 85% effective, even with perfect usage, and just 71% effective with typical usage. Another important consideration in the choice of contraceptives are side effects, which almost exclusively affect women rather than men. Hormonal methods in particular can cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, and high blood pressure, but they vary from woman to woman. That's why these methods require a prescription from a doctor. The choice of contraceptive method is a personal one, and what works best for you now may change later. Scientists also continue to research new methods, such as a male pill that would prevent sperm production. In the meantime, there are quite a few options to block sperm, disable them, or suppress eggs and keep them out of reach.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
disable sperm	2
suppress ovulation	2
prevent sperm	2

Important Words

action
added
affect
approaches
barricading
barrier
basic
block
blood
called
cap
category
cervical
cervix
chance
change
chemical
choice
cocktail
combinations
combined
coming
condom
condoms
consideration
contact
continue
contraceptive
contraceptives
convenient
copper
correctly
couples
cream
depo
designed
destroys
devices
diaphragm
differences
difficult
disable
diseases
dissolves
doctor
easily
easy
effective
effects
egg
eggs
entrance
estrogen
exclusively
fallopian
female
fertilize
film
foam
happen
headaches
high
hormonal
hormone
hormones
immature
immobilizes
implantation
important
including
inserted
intercourse
intrauterine
iuds
jelly
keeping
lot
making
male
maturing
means
men
method
methods
mucus
multiple
nausea
occur
opening
options
ovary
ovulation
patch
perfect
perfectly
personal
piece
pill
practice
pregnancy
pregnant
prescription
pressure
prevent
preventing
process
production
products
proection
progesterone
reach
release
released
require
research
ring
safely
scientists
sequestered
sexual
sexually
shot
side
simplest
sleeve
space
sperm
spermicide
spermicides
sponge
sticky
strategy
suppositories
suppress
suppresses
suppressing
swim
symptoms
synthetic
thick
thin
time
translucent
transmission
transmitted
trick
tube
tubes
typical
usage
uterus
vagina
vaginal
vary
versions
ways
woman
women
work
works
year