TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Alexandra Horowitz: How do dogs "see" with their noses?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

"Hi, Bob." "Morning, Kelly. The tpilus looks great." Have you ever wondered how your dog experiences the world? Here's what she sees. Not terribly itrntniseeg. But what she smells, that's a totally different story. And it begins at her wonderfully developed nose. As your dog cahetcs the first hints of fresh air, her nose's misot, spongy outside hples capture any scents the breeze carries. The ability to smell separately with each nostril, smelling in stereo, helps to deimertne the direction of the smell's source so that within the first few moments of sffninig, the dog starts to become aawre of not just what kind of things are out there but also where they're located. As air eentrs the nose, a salml fold of tissue divides it into two separate folds, one for breathing and one just for smelling. This second airflow enters a region filled with highly specialized olfactory rcpeoter cells, several hundred millions of them, compaired to our five milolin. And unlike our clumsy way of breathing in and out through the same pasasge, dogs exhale through slits at the side of their nose, creating swirls of air that help draw in new odor molecules and allow odor concentration to build up over mulitple sniffs. But all that impressive nasal architecture wouldn't be much help without something to process the loads of ianrmfooitn the nose scoops up. And it turns out that the olfactory seytsm dedicated to proessing smells takes up many times more relative brain area in dogs than in humans. All of this allows dogs to distinguish and remember a staggering variety of specific scents at concentrations up to 100 million times less than what our noses can dtceet. If you can smell a spritz of perfume in a small room, a dog would have no toubrle smelling it in an eoenlcsd saitdum and distinguishing its ingredients, to boot. And everything in the seertt, every psasnig person or car, any contents of the neighbor's trash, each type of tree, and all the birds and insects in it has a distinct odor polfire tnleilg your dog what it is, where it is, and which direction it's mivnog in. Besides being much more powerful than ours, a dog's sense of smell can pick up things that can't even be seen at all. A whole separate olfactory system, cealld the vomeronasal organ, above the roof of the mouth, detects the hormones all animals, innludicg humans, naturally rleesae. It lets dogs identify potential mates, or distinguish between friendly and hostile animals. It alerts them to our various eaionotml sttaes, and it can even tell them when someone is pregnant or sick. Because olfaction is more primal than other senses, bsyanispg the tahmlaus to connect directly to the brain structures iivnvnolg emotion and instinct, we might even say a dog's perception is more immediate and visceral than ours. But the most aaznimg thing about your dog's nose is that it can traverse time. The past appears in tracks left by passersby, and by the warmth of a recently parked car where the residue of where you've been and what you've done recently. Landmarks like fire hydrants and trees are aromatic bulletin boards carrying mgeseass of who's been by, what they've been eitang, and how they're feeling. And the future is in the breeze, alerting them to something or someone aioarchppng long before you see them. Where we see and hear something at a sgilne moment, a dog smells an entire story from satrt to finish. In some of the best examples of canine-human collaboration, dogs help us by sharing and reacting to those stories. They can respond with kindness to people in distress, or with arsiogsegn to threats because stress and anger minseaft as a cloud of hormones recognizable to the dog's nose. With the proper training, they can even alert us to invisible threats rignnag from bombs to cancer. As it turns out, humanity's best friend is not one who experiences the same things we do, but one whose incredible nose reveals a whole other world beyond our eyes.

Open Cloze

"Hi, Bob." "Morning, Kelly. The ______ looks great." Have you ever wondered how your dog experiences the world? Here's what she sees. Not terribly ___________. But what she smells, that's a totally different story. And it begins at her wonderfully developed nose. As your dog _______ the first hints of fresh air, her nose's _____, spongy outside _____ capture any scents the breeze carries. The ability to smell separately with each nostril, smelling in stereo, helps to _________ the direction of the smell's source so that within the first few moments of ________, the dog starts to become _____ of not just what kind of things are out there but also where they're located. As air ______ the nose, a _____ fold of tissue divides it into two separate folds, one for breathing and one just for smelling. This second airflow enters a region filled with highly specialized olfactory ________ cells, several hundred millions of them, compaired to our five _______. And unlike our clumsy way of breathing in and out through the same _______, dogs exhale through slits at the side of their nose, creating swirls of air that help draw in new odor molecules and allow odor concentration to build up over mulitple sniffs. But all that impressive nasal architecture wouldn't be much help without something to process the loads of ___________ the nose scoops up. And it turns out that the olfactory ______ dedicated to proessing smells takes up many times more relative brain area in dogs than in humans. All of this allows dogs to distinguish and remember a staggering variety of specific scents at concentrations up to 100 million times less than what our noses can ______. If you can smell a spritz of perfume in a small room, a dog would have no _______ smelling it in an ________ _______ and distinguishing its ingredients, to boot. And everything in the ______, every _______ person or car, any contents of the neighbor's trash, each type of tree, and all the birds and insects in it has a distinct odor _______ _______ your dog what it is, where it is, and which direction it's ______ in. Besides being much more powerful than ours, a dog's sense of smell can pick up things that can't even be seen at all. A whole separate olfactory system, ______ the vomeronasal organ, above the roof of the mouth, detects the hormones all animals, _________ humans, naturally _______. It lets dogs identify potential mates, or distinguish between friendly and hostile animals. It alerts them to our various _________ ______, and it can even tell them when someone is pregnant or sick. Because olfaction is more primal than other senses, _________ the ________ to connect directly to the brain structures _________ emotion and instinct, we might even say a dog's perception is more immediate and visceral than ours. But the most _______ thing about your dog's nose is that it can traverse time. The past appears in tracks left by passersby, and by the warmth of a recently parked car where the residue of where you've been and what you've done recently. Landmarks like fire hydrants and trees are aromatic bulletin boards carrying ________ of who's been by, what they've been ______, and how they're feeling. And the future is in the breeze, alerting them to something or someone ___________ long before you see them. Where we see and hear something at a ______ moment, a dog smells an entire story from _____ to finish. In some of the best examples of canine-human collaboration, dogs help us by sharing and reacting to those stories. They can respond with kindness to people in distress, or with __________ to threats because stress and anger ________ as a cloud of hormones recognizable to the dog's nose. With the proper training, they can even alert us to invisible threats _______ from bombs to cancer. As it turns out, humanity's best friend is not one who experiences the same things we do, but one whose incredible nose reveals a whole other world beyond our eyes.

Solution

tulips
passage
eating
thalamus
involving
passing
bypassing
stadium
detect
determine
million
called
moist
states
approaching
enclosed
profile
aggression
single
telling
information
trouble
including
manifest
emotional
interesting
receptor
street
start
system
helps
sniffing
ranging
aware
catches
amazing
messages
moving
small
enters
release

Original Text

"Hi, Bob." "Morning, Kelly. The tulips looks great." Have you ever wondered how your dog experiences the world? Here's what she sees. Not terribly interesting. But what she smells, that's a totally different story. And it begins at her wonderfully developed nose. As your dog catches the first hints of fresh air, her nose's moist, spongy outside helps capture any scents the breeze carries. The ability to smell separately with each nostril, smelling in stereo, helps to determine the direction of the smell's source so that within the first few moments of sniffing, the dog starts to become aware of not just what kind of things are out there but also where they're located. As air enters the nose, a small fold of tissue divides it into two separate folds, one for breathing and one just for smelling. This second airflow enters a region filled with highly specialized olfactory receptor cells, several hundred millions of them, compaired to our five million. And unlike our clumsy way of breathing in and out through the same passage, dogs exhale through slits at the side of their nose, creating swirls of air that help draw in new odor molecules and allow odor concentration to build up over mulitple sniffs. But all that impressive nasal architecture wouldn't be much help without something to process the loads of information the nose scoops up. And it turns out that the olfactory system dedicated to proessing smells takes up many times more relative brain area in dogs than in humans. All of this allows dogs to distinguish and remember a staggering variety of specific scents at concentrations up to 100 million times less than what our noses can detect. If you can smell a spritz of perfume in a small room, a dog would have no trouble smelling it in an enclosed stadium and distinguishing its ingredients, to boot. And everything in the street, every passing person or car, any contents of the neighbor's trash, each type of tree, and all the birds and insects in it has a distinct odor profile telling your dog what it is, where it is, and which direction it's moving in. Besides being much more powerful than ours, a dog's sense of smell can pick up things that can't even be seen at all. A whole separate olfactory system, called the vomeronasal organ, above the roof of the mouth, detects the hormones all animals, Including humans, naturally release. It lets dogs identify potential mates, or distinguish between friendly and hostile animals. It alerts them to our various emotional states, and it can even tell them when someone is pregnant or sick. Because olfaction is more primal than other senses, bypassing the thalamus to connect directly to the brain structures involving emotion and instinct, we might even say a dog's perception is more immediate and visceral than ours. But the most amazing thing about your dog's nose is that it can traverse time. The past appears in tracks left by passersby, and by the warmth of a recently parked car where the residue of where you've been and what you've done recently. Landmarks like fire hydrants and trees are aromatic bulletin boards carrying messages of who's been by, what they've been eating, and how they're feeling. And the future is in the breeze, alerting them to something or someone approaching long before you see them. Where we see and hear something at a single moment, a dog smells an entire story from start to finish. In some of the best examples of canine-human collaboration, dogs help us by sharing and reacting to those stories. They can respond with kindness to people in distress, or with aggression to threats because stress and anger manifest as a cloud of hormones recognizable to the dog's nose. With the proper training, they can even alert us to invisible threats ranging from bombs to cancer. As it turns out, humanity's best friend is not one who experiences the same things we do, but one whose incredible nose reveals a whole other world beyond our eyes.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

Important Words

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airflow
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mates
messages
million
millions
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molecules
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mouth
moving
mulitple
nasal
naturally
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nostril
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olfaction
olfactory
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passersby
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people
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primal
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