full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Dan Kwartler: How fast can a vaccine be made?

Unscramble the Blue Letters


Given the nbemur of variables and the focus on long-term safety, it’s iirbecnldy difficult to speed up clinical testing. In extreme circumstances, researchers run multiple trials within one pshae at the same time. But they still need to meet srtcit safety criteria before moving on. oainlcalocsy, labs can expedite this process by leveraging previously approved treatments. In 2009, rheersaercs adapted the seasonal flu vaccine to treat H1N1— producing a widely available vaccine in just six mothns. However, this technique only works when dealing with familiar pathogens that have well-established vaccine designs.

Open Cloze


Given the ______ of variables and the focus on long-term safety, it’s __________ difficult to speed up clinical testing. In extreme circumstances, researchers run multiple trials within one _____ at the same time. But they still need to meet ______ safety criteria before moving on. ____________, labs can expedite this process by leveraging previously approved treatments. In 2009, ___________ adapted the seasonal flu vaccine to treat H1N1— producing a widely available vaccine in just six ______. However, this technique only works when dealing with familiar pathogens that have well-established vaccine designs.

Solution


  1. incredibly
  2. phase
  3. strict
  4. occasionally
  5. number
  6. months
  7. researchers

Original Text


Given the number of variables and the focus on long-term safety, it’s incredibly difficult to speed up clinical testing. In extreme circumstances, researchers run multiple trials within one phase at the same time. But they still need to meet strict safety criteria before moving on. Occasionally, labs can expedite this process by leveraging previously approved treatments. In 2009, researchers adapted the seasonal flu vaccine to treat H1N1— producing a widely available vaccine in just six months. However, this technique only works when dealing with familiar pathogens that have well-established vaccine designs.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
clinical testing 3
vaccine designs 2
side effects 2
exploratory research 2
multiple trials 2
trials focus 2
phase iii 2


Important Words


  1. adapted
  2. approved
  3. circumstances
  4. clinical
  5. criteria
  6. dealing
  7. designs
  8. difficult
  9. expedite
  10. extreme
  11. familiar
  12. flu
  13. focus
  14. incredibly
  15. labs
  16. leveraging
  17. meet
  18. months
  19. moving
  20. multiple
  21. number
  22. occasionally
  23. pathogens
  24. phase
  25. previously
  26. process
  27. producing
  28. researchers
  29. run
  30. safety
  31. seasonal
  32. speed
  33. strict
  34. technique
  35. testing
  36. time
  37. treat
  38. treatments
  39. trials
  40. vaccine
  41. variables
  42. widely
  43. works