full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Eddie Woo: How math is our real sixth sense


Unscramble the Blue Letters


"I love mathematics" (Laughter) is exactly what to say at a party if you want to sepnd the next couple of hours sipping your drink alone in the least cool corner of the room. And that's because when it comes to this subject - all the numbers, formulas, solbmys, and calculations - the vast majority of us are outsiders, and that includes me. That's why today I want to shrae with you an outsider's perspective of mathematics - what I understand of it, from someone who's always struggled with the subject. And what I've discovered, as someone who went from being an outsider to making maths my career, is that, surprisingly, we are all deep down born to be mathematicians. (Laughter) But back to me being an outsider. I know what you're thinking: "Wait a second, Eddie. What would you know? You're a maths teacher. You went to a selective school. You wear glasses, and you're Asian." (Laughter) fistlry, that's racist. (Laughter) Secondly, that's wrnog. When I was in school, my favorite subjects were English and history. And this caused a lot of angst for me as a teenager because my high school truly honored mathematics. Your status in the school pretty much correlated with which mathematics casls you ranked in. There were eight classes. So if you were in maths 4, that made you just about average. If you were in maths 1, you were like royalty. Each year, our school entered the prestigious arsuialtan Mathematics Competition and would print out a list of everyone in the socohl in order of our scores. Students who received prizes and high distinctions were pinned up at the start of a long corridor, far, far away from the dark and shameful place where my name apeaeprd. Maths was not really my thing. Stories, cacehartrs, narratives - this is where I was at home. And that's why I raised my sails and set course to become an English and history teacher. But a chance encounter at sydeny University aerteld my life forever. I was in line to enroll at the faculty of education when I sreattd the conversation with one of its professors. He noticed that while my academic life had been dominated by heaiiutnms, I had actually attempted some high-level maths at school. What he saw was not that I had a problem with maths, but that I had persevered with mthas. And he knew something I didn't - that there was a critical shortage of mathematics ecdaoutrs in Australian schools, a shortage that rieanms to this day. So he encouraged me to change my teaching area to mathematics. Now, for me, becoming a teehacr wasn't about my love for a particular subject. It was about having a personal impact on the lveis of yonug people. I'd seen ftarsinhd at school what a lasting and positive difference a great teacher can make. I wanted to do that for someone, and it didn't meattr to me what subject I did it in. If there was an acute need in mathematics, then it made sense for me to go there. As I studied my degree, though, I drcseivoed that mathematics was a very different subject to what I'd originally thought. I'd made the same mistake about mathematics that I'd made earlier in my life about music. Like a good migrant child, I dutifully learned to play the piano when I was young. (Laughter) My weekends were filled with endlessly repeating scales and memorizing every note in the piece, spring and winter. I lasted two years before my craeer was abruptly ended when my teacher told my parents, "His fingers are too short. I will not taech him anymore." (Laughter) At seven yaers old, I thought of music like torture. It was a dry, solitary, joyless exercise that I only engaged with because someone else forced me to. It took me 11 years to emerge from that sad place. In year 12, I pcekid up a steel string acoustic guitar for the first time. I wanted to play it for church, and there was also a girl I was fairly keen on impressing. So I cvnenoicd my brother to teach me a few chords. And slowly, but surely, my mind changed. I was engaged in a cviratee process. I was making music, and I was hoekod. I started playing in a band, and I felt the delight of rhythm pulsing through my body as we borught our sounds together. I'd been surrounded by a musical ocean my entire life, and for the first time, I realized I could swim in it. I went through an almost identical experience when it came to mathematics. I used to believe that maths was about rote learning inscrutable flmoraus to solve abstract problems that didn't mean anything to me. But at university, I began to see that mathematics is immensely practical and even btfuaeiul, that it's not just about finding aersnws but also about leinrang to ask the right questions, and that mathematics isn't about mindlessly crunching numbers but rather about foimnrg new ways to see problems so we can svloe them by combining isinhgt with imagination. It gradually dawned on me that matchaietms is a ssene. Mathematics is a sense just like sight and touch; it's a sense that allows us to pevciree realities which would be otherwise intangible to us. You know, we talk about a sense of humor and a sense of rhythm. Mathematics is our sense for prnttaes, relationships, and logical connections. It's a whole new way to see the world. Now, I want to show you a mathematical reality that I guarantee you've seen before but perhaps never really perceived. It's been hidden in plain sight your entire life. This is a river delta. It's a beautiful piece of geometry. Now, when we hear the word geometry, most of us think of taelrgins and crciles. But germoety is the mathematics of all shapes, and this meeting of land and sea has created shapes with an uniledbane pattern. It has a mathematically recursive structure. Every part of the river delta, with its twists and turns, is a microversion of the gateerr whole. So I want you to see the mathematics in this. But that's not all. I want you to crmoape this river delta with this amazing tree. It's a wonder in itself. But focus with me on the similarities between this and the rievr. What I want to know is why on eatrh should these shapes look so remarkably alike? Why should they have anything in common? Things get even more plpirnexeg when you realize it's not just water systems and plants that do this. If you keep your eyes open, you'll see these same shapes are everywhere. Lightning bolts disappear so qculiky that we seldom have the opportunity to ponder their geometry. But their shape is so unmistakable and so similar to what we've just seen that one can't help but be suspicious. And then there's the fact that every sginle psroen in this room is filled with these shapes too. Every cubic centimeter of your body is packed with blood vessels that trace out this same pattern. There's a mathematical reality wveon into the fabric of the universe that you share with winding rivers, towering trees, and raging storms. These shapes are examples of what we call "fractals," as mathematicians. frcatlas get their name from the same place as fractions and fractures - it's a reference to the broken and shattered shapes we find around us in nature. Now, once you have a sense for fractals, you really do srtat to see them everywhere: a head of broccoli, the leaves of a fern, even clouds in the sky. Like the other senses, our mathematical sense can be refined with practice. It's just like developing perfect pitch or a taste for weins. You can learn to perceive the mathematics around you with time and the right guidance. Naturally, some people are born with sharper senses than the rest of us, others are born with impairment. As you can see, I drew a short straw in the genetic lottery when it came to my eyhisget. Without my glessas, everything is a blur. I've wrsteled with this sense my entire life, but I would never dream of saying, "Well, seeing has always been a struggle for me. I guess I'm just not a seeing kind of person." (Laughter) Yet I meet people every day who feel it quite nutaral to say exactly that about mathematics. Now, I'm convinced we close ourselves off from a huge part of the human experience if we do this. Because all human beings are wired to see patterns. We live in a patterned uvrensie, a coosms. That's what cosmos means - oerdrly and patterned - as opposed to chaos, which menas disorderly and random. It isn't just seeing patterns that humans are so good at. We love mnakig patterns too. And the people who do this well have a special name. We call them artists, musicians, spourclts, painters, cinematographers - they're all pattern creators. misuc was once described as the joy that people feel when they are counting but don't know it. (Laughter) Some of the most striking examples of maethaimctal patterns are in imlsiac art and design. An aversion to depicting humans and aiamnls led to a rich history of intricate tile arrangements and geometric forms. The atsehetic side of mathematical patterns like these brings us back to nature itself. For instance, flowers are a universal symbol of beauty. Every culture around the planet and throughout histroy has regarded them as objects of wonder. And one aspect of their beauty is that they exhibit a special kind of symmetry. Flowers grow organically from a cneetr that expands outwards in the shape of a spiral, and this creates what we call "rotational symmetry." You can spin a flower around and around, and it still looks basically the same. But not all srplais are created euqal. It all depends on the angle of rtioaton that goes into creating the spiral. For instance, if we build a sairpl from an angle of 90 degrees, we get a cross that is neither beautiful nor efcifneit. Huge parts of the flowers area are wasted and don't produce sdees. Using an angle of 62 degrees is better and produces a nice circular saphe, like what we usually associate with flowers. But it's still not great. There's still large parts of the area that are a poor use of resuecros for the flower. However, if we use 137.5 degrees, (Laughter) we get this beautiful pattern. It's astonishing, and it is exactly the kind of pattern used by that most majestic of fworels - the sflnewuor. Now, 137.5 degrees might seem pertty random, but it actually eegrmes out of a special number that we call the "golden ritao." The golden ratio is a mathematical reality that, like fractals, you can find everywhere - from the phalanges of your fingers to the pillars of the paroetnhn. That's why even at a patry of 5000 people, I'm proud to declare, "I love mathematics!" (Cheers) (Applause)

Open Cloze


"I love mathematics" (Laughter) is exactly what to say at a party if you want to _____ the next couple of hours sipping your drink alone in the least cool corner of the room. And that's because when it comes to this subject - all the numbers, formulas, _______, and calculations - the vast majority of us are outsiders, and that includes me. That's why today I want to _____ with you an outsider's perspective of mathematics - what I understand of it, from someone who's always struggled with the subject. And what I've discovered, as someone who went from being an outsider to making maths my career, is that, surprisingly, we are all deep down born to be mathematicians. (Laughter) But back to me being an outsider. I know what you're thinking: "Wait a second, Eddie. What would you know? You're a maths teacher. You went to a selective school. You wear glasses, and you're Asian." (Laughter) _______, that's racist. (Laughter) Secondly, that's _____. When I was in school, my favorite subjects were English and history. And this caused a lot of angst for me as a teenager because my high school truly honored mathematics. Your status in the school pretty much correlated with which mathematics _____ you ranked in. There were eight classes. So if you were in maths 4, that made you just about average. If you were in maths 1, you were like royalty. Each year, our school entered the prestigious __________ Mathematics Competition and would print out a list of everyone in the ______ in order of our scores. Students who received prizes and high distinctions were pinned up at the start of a long corridor, far, far away from the dark and shameful place where my name ________. Maths was not really my thing. Stories, __________, narratives - this is where I was at home. And that's why I raised my sails and set course to become an English and history teacher. But a chance encounter at ______ University _______ my life forever. I was in line to enroll at the faculty of education when I _______ the conversation with one of its professors. He noticed that while my academic life had been dominated by __________, I had actually attempted some high-level maths at school. What he saw was not that I had a problem with maths, but that I had persevered with _____. And he knew something I didn't - that there was a critical shortage of mathematics _________ in Australian schools, a shortage that _______ to this day. So he encouraged me to change my teaching area to mathematics. Now, for me, becoming a _______ wasn't about my love for a particular subject. It was about having a personal impact on the _____ of _____ people. I'd seen _________ at school what a lasting and positive difference a great teacher can make. I wanted to do that for someone, and it didn't ______ to me what subject I did it in. If there was an acute need in mathematics, then it made sense for me to go there. As I studied my degree, though, I __________ that mathematics was a very different subject to what I'd originally thought. I'd made the same mistake about mathematics that I'd made earlier in my life about music. Like a good migrant child, I dutifully learned to play the piano when I was young. (Laughter) My weekends were filled with endlessly repeating scales and memorizing every note in the piece, spring and winter. I lasted two years before my ______ was abruptly ended when my teacher told my parents, "His fingers are too short. I will not _____ him anymore." (Laughter) At seven _____ old, I thought of music like torture. It was a dry, solitary, joyless exercise that I only engaged with because someone else forced me to. It took me 11 years to emerge from that sad place. In year 12, I ______ up a steel string acoustic guitar for the first time. I wanted to play it for church, and there was also a girl I was fairly keen on impressing. So I _________ my brother to teach me a few chords. And slowly, but surely, my mind changed. I was engaged in a ________ process. I was making music, and I was ______. I started playing in a band, and I felt the delight of rhythm pulsing through my body as we _______ our sounds together. I'd been surrounded by a musical ocean my entire life, and for the first time, I realized I could swim in it. I went through an almost identical experience when it came to mathematics. I used to believe that maths was about rote learning inscrutable ________ to solve abstract problems that didn't mean anything to me. But at university, I began to see that mathematics is immensely practical and even _________, that it's not just about finding _______ but also about ________ to ask the right questions, and that mathematics isn't about mindlessly crunching numbers but rather about _______ new ways to see problems so we can _____ them by combining _______ with imagination. It gradually dawned on me that ___________ is a _____. Mathematics is a sense just like sight and touch; it's a sense that allows us to ________ realities which would be otherwise intangible to us. You know, we talk about a sense of humor and a sense of rhythm. Mathematics is our sense for ________, relationships, and logical connections. It's a whole new way to see the world. Now, I want to show you a mathematical reality that I guarantee you've seen before but perhaps never really perceived. It's been hidden in plain sight your entire life. This is a river delta. It's a beautiful piece of geometry. Now, when we hear the word geometry, most of us think of _________ and _______. But ________ is the mathematics of all shapes, and this meeting of land and sea has created shapes with an __________ pattern. It has a mathematically recursive structure. Every part of the river delta, with its twists and turns, is a microversion of the _______ whole. So I want you to see the mathematics in this. But that's not all. I want you to _______ this river delta with this amazing tree. It's a wonder in itself. But focus with me on the similarities between this and the _____. What I want to know is why on _____ should these shapes look so remarkably alike? Why should they have anything in common? Things get even more __________ when you realize it's not just water systems and plants that do this. If you keep your eyes open, you'll see these same shapes are everywhere. Lightning bolts disappear so _______ that we seldom have the opportunity to ponder their geometry. But their shape is so unmistakable and so similar to what we've just seen that one can't help but be suspicious. And then there's the fact that every ______ ______ in this room is filled with these shapes too. Every cubic centimeter of your body is packed with blood vessels that trace out this same pattern. There's a mathematical reality _____ into the fabric of the universe that you share with winding rivers, towering trees, and raging storms. These shapes are examples of what we call "fractals," as mathematicians. ________ get their name from the same place as fractions and fractures - it's a reference to the broken and shattered shapes we find around us in nature. Now, once you have a sense for fractals, you really do _____ to see them everywhere: a head of broccoli, the leaves of a fern, even clouds in the sky. Like the other senses, our mathematical sense can be refined with practice. It's just like developing perfect pitch or a taste for _____. You can learn to perceive the mathematics around you with time and the right guidance. Naturally, some people are born with sharper senses than the rest of us, others are born with impairment. As you can see, I drew a short straw in the genetic lottery when it came to my ________. Without my _______, everything is a blur. I've ________ with this sense my entire life, but I would never dream of saying, "Well, seeing has always been a struggle for me. I guess I'm just not a seeing kind of person." (Laughter) Yet I meet people every day who feel it quite _______ to say exactly that about mathematics. Now, I'm convinced we close ourselves off from a huge part of the human experience if we do this. Because all human beings are wired to see patterns. We live in a patterned ________, a ______. That's what cosmos means - _______ and patterned - as opposed to chaos, which _____ disorderly and random. It isn't just seeing patterns that humans are so good at. We love ______ patterns too. And the people who do this well have a special name. We call them artists, musicians, _________, painters, cinematographers - they're all pattern creators. _____ was once described as the joy that people feel when they are counting but don't know it. (Laughter) Some of the most striking examples of ____________ patterns are in _______ art and design. An aversion to depicting humans and _______ led to a rich history of intricate tile arrangements and geometric forms. The _________ side of mathematical patterns like these brings us back to nature itself. For instance, flowers are a universal symbol of beauty. Every culture around the planet and throughout _______ has regarded them as objects of wonder. And one aspect of their beauty is that they exhibit a special kind of symmetry. Flowers grow organically from a ______ that expands outwards in the shape of a spiral, and this creates what we call "rotational symmetry." You can spin a flower around and around, and it still looks basically the same. But not all _______ are created _____. It all depends on the angle of ________ that goes into creating the spiral. For instance, if we build a ______ from an angle of 90 degrees, we get a cross that is neither beautiful nor _________. Huge parts of the flowers area are wasted and don't produce _____. Using an angle of 62 degrees is better and produces a nice circular _____, like what we usually associate with flowers. But it's still not great. There's still large parts of the area that are a poor use of _________ for the flower. However, if we use 137.5 degrees, (Laughter) we get this beautiful pattern. It's astonishing, and it is exactly the kind of pattern used by that most majestic of _______ - the _________. Now, 137.5 degrees might seem ______ random, but it actually _______ out of a special number that we call the "golden _____." The golden ratio is a mathematical reality that, like fractals, you can find everywhere - from the phalanges of your fingers to the pillars of the _________. That's why even at a _____ of 5000 people, I'm proud to declare, "I love mathematics!" (Cheers) (Applause)

Solution


  1. picked
  2. eyesight
  3. forming
  4. years
  5. young
  6. remains
  7. spirals
  8. spiral
  9. cosmos
  10. wrestled
  11. sculptors
  12. woven
  13. australian
  14. answers
  15. rotation
  16. appeared
  17. undeniable
  18. glasses
  19. quickly
  20. learning
  21. beautiful
  22. teach
  23. flowers
  24. person
  25. sunflower
  26. triangles
  27. humanities
  28. sydney
  29. making
  30. universe
  31. brought
  32. ratio
  33. geometry
  34. symbols
  35. fractals
  36. educators
  37. maths
  38. single
  39. animals
  40. discovered
  41. mathematics
  42. insight
  43. circles
  44. class
  45. greater
  46. started
  47. seeds
  48. creative
  49. solve
  50. share
  51. perplexing
  52. sense
  53. party
  54. career
  55. perceive
  56. wrong
  57. matter
  58. compare
  59. patterns
  60. hooked
  61. aesthetic
  62. river
  63. wines
  64. parthenon
  65. start
  66. convinced
  67. resources
  68. equal
  69. music
  70. islamic
  71. altered
  72. pretty
  73. lives
  74. center
  75. firstly
  76. mathematical
  77. natural
  78. orderly
  79. formulas
  80. emerges
  81. firsthand
  82. teacher
  83. school
  84. characters
  85. earth
  86. efficient
  87. means
  88. spend
  89. shape
  90. history

Original Text


"I love mathematics" (Laughter) is exactly what to say at a party if you want to spend the next couple of hours sipping your drink alone in the least cool corner of the room. And that's because when it comes to this subject - all the numbers, formulas, symbols, and calculations - the vast majority of us are outsiders, and that includes me. That's why today I want to share with you an outsider's perspective of mathematics - what I understand of it, from someone who's always struggled with the subject. And what I've discovered, as someone who went from being an outsider to making maths my career, is that, surprisingly, we are all deep down born to be mathematicians. (Laughter) But back to me being an outsider. I know what you're thinking: "Wait a second, Eddie. What would you know? You're a maths teacher. You went to a selective school. You wear glasses, and you're Asian." (Laughter) Firstly, that's racist. (Laughter) Secondly, that's wrong. When I was in school, my favorite subjects were English and history. And this caused a lot of angst for me as a teenager because my high school truly honored mathematics. Your status in the school pretty much correlated with which mathematics class you ranked in. There were eight classes. So if you were in maths 4, that made you just about average. If you were in maths 1, you were like royalty. Each year, our school entered the prestigious Australian Mathematics Competition and would print out a list of everyone in the school in order of our scores. Students who received prizes and high distinctions were pinned up at the start of a long corridor, far, far away from the dark and shameful place where my name appeared. Maths was not really my thing. Stories, characters, narratives - this is where I was at home. And that's why I raised my sails and set course to become an English and history teacher. But a chance encounter at Sydney University altered my life forever. I was in line to enroll at the faculty of education when I started the conversation with one of its professors. He noticed that while my academic life had been dominated by humanities, I had actually attempted some high-level maths at school. What he saw was not that I had a problem with maths, but that I had persevered with maths. And he knew something I didn't - that there was a critical shortage of mathematics educators in Australian schools, a shortage that remains to this day. So he encouraged me to change my teaching area to mathematics. Now, for me, becoming a teacher wasn't about my love for a particular subject. It was about having a personal impact on the lives of young people. I'd seen firsthand at school what a lasting and positive difference a great teacher can make. I wanted to do that for someone, and it didn't matter to me what subject I did it in. If there was an acute need in mathematics, then it made sense for me to go there. As I studied my degree, though, I discovered that mathematics was a very different subject to what I'd originally thought. I'd made the same mistake about mathematics that I'd made earlier in my life about music. Like a good migrant child, I dutifully learned to play the piano when I was young. (Laughter) My weekends were filled with endlessly repeating scales and memorizing every note in the piece, spring and winter. I lasted two years before my career was abruptly ended when my teacher told my parents, "His fingers are too short. I will not teach him anymore." (Laughter) At seven years old, I thought of music like torture. It was a dry, solitary, joyless exercise that I only engaged with because someone else forced me to. It took me 11 years to emerge from that sad place. In year 12, I picked up a steel string acoustic guitar for the first time. I wanted to play it for church, and there was also a girl I was fairly keen on impressing. So I convinced my brother to teach me a few chords. And slowly, but surely, my mind changed. I was engaged in a creative process. I was making music, and I was hooked. I started playing in a band, and I felt the delight of rhythm pulsing through my body as we brought our sounds together. I'd been surrounded by a musical ocean my entire life, and for the first time, I realized I could swim in it. I went through an almost identical experience when it came to mathematics. I used to believe that maths was about rote learning inscrutable formulas to solve abstract problems that didn't mean anything to me. But at university, I began to see that mathematics is immensely practical and even beautiful, that it's not just about finding answers but also about learning to ask the right questions, and that mathematics isn't about mindlessly crunching numbers but rather about forming new ways to see problems so we can solve them by combining insight with imagination. It gradually dawned on me that mathematics is a sense. Mathematics is a sense just like sight and touch; it's a sense that allows us to perceive realities which would be otherwise intangible to us. You know, we talk about a sense of humor and a sense of rhythm. Mathematics is our sense for patterns, relationships, and logical connections. It's a whole new way to see the world. Now, I want to show you a mathematical reality that I guarantee you've seen before but perhaps never really perceived. It's been hidden in plain sight your entire life. This is a river delta. It's a beautiful piece of geometry. Now, when we hear the word geometry, most of us think of triangles and circles. But geometry is the mathematics of all shapes, and this meeting of land and sea has created shapes with an undeniable pattern. It has a mathematically recursive structure. Every part of the river delta, with its twists and turns, is a microversion of the greater whole. So I want you to see the mathematics in this. But that's not all. I want you to compare this river delta with this amazing tree. It's a wonder in itself. But focus with me on the similarities between this and the river. What I want to know is why on earth should these shapes look so remarkably alike? Why should they have anything in common? Things get even more perplexing when you realize it's not just water systems and plants that do this. If you keep your eyes open, you'll see these same shapes are everywhere. Lightning bolts disappear so quickly that we seldom have the opportunity to ponder their geometry. But their shape is so unmistakable and so similar to what we've just seen that one can't help but be suspicious. And then there's the fact that every single person in this room is filled with these shapes too. Every cubic centimeter of your body is packed with blood vessels that trace out this same pattern. There's a mathematical reality woven into the fabric of the universe that you share with winding rivers, towering trees, and raging storms. These shapes are examples of what we call "fractals," as mathematicians. Fractals get their name from the same place as fractions and fractures - it's a reference to the broken and shattered shapes we find around us in nature. Now, once you have a sense for fractals, you really do start to see them everywhere: a head of broccoli, the leaves of a fern, even clouds in the sky. Like the other senses, our mathematical sense can be refined with practice. It's just like developing perfect pitch or a taste for wines. You can learn to perceive the mathematics around you with time and the right guidance. Naturally, some people are born with sharper senses than the rest of us, others are born with impairment. As you can see, I drew a short straw in the genetic lottery when it came to my eyesight. Without my glasses, everything is a blur. I've wrestled with this sense my entire life, but I would never dream of saying, "Well, seeing has always been a struggle for me. I guess I'm just not a seeing kind of person." (Laughter) Yet I meet people every day who feel it quite natural to say exactly that about mathematics. Now, I'm convinced we close ourselves off from a huge part of the human experience if we do this. Because all human beings are wired to see patterns. We live in a patterned universe, a cosmos. That's what cosmos means - orderly and patterned - as opposed to chaos, which means disorderly and random. It isn't just seeing patterns that humans are so good at. We love making patterns too. And the people who do this well have a special name. We call them artists, musicians, sculptors, painters, cinematographers - they're all pattern creators. Music was once described as the joy that people feel when they are counting but don't know it. (Laughter) Some of the most striking examples of mathematical patterns are in Islamic art and design. An aversion to depicting humans and animals led to a rich history of intricate tile arrangements and geometric forms. The aesthetic side of mathematical patterns like these brings us back to nature itself. For instance, flowers are a universal symbol of beauty. Every culture around the planet and throughout history has regarded them as objects of wonder. And one aspect of their beauty is that they exhibit a special kind of symmetry. Flowers grow organically from a center that expands outwards in the shape of a spiral, and this creates what we call "rotational symmetry." You can spin a flower around and around, and it still looks basically the same. But not all spirals are created equal. It all depends on the angle of rotation that goes into creating the spiral. For instance, if we build a spiral from an angle of 90 degrees, we get a cross that is neither beautiful nor efficient. Huge parts of the flowers area are wasted and don't produce seeds. Using an angle of 62 degrees is better and produces a nice circular shape, like what we usually associate with flowers. But it's still not great. There's still large parts of the area that are a poor use of resources for the flower. However, if we use 137.5 degrees, (Laughter) we get this beautiful pattern. It's astonishing, and it is exactly the kind of pattern used by that most majestic of flowers - the sunflower. Now, 137.5 degrees might seem pretty random, but it actually emerges out of a special number that we call the "golden ratio." The golden ratio is a mathematical reality that, like fractals, you can find everywhere - from the phalanges of your fingers to the pillars of the Parthenon. That's why even at a party of 5000 people, I'm proud to declare, "I love mathematics!" (Cheers) (Applause)

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
mathematical reality 3
river delta 2
mathematical patterns 2



Important Words


  1. abruptly
  2. abstract
  3. academic
  4. acoustic
  5. acute
  6. aesthetic
  7. alike
  8. altered
  9. amazing
  10. angle
  11. angst
  12. animals
  13. answers
  14. anymore
  15. appeared
  16. applause
  17. area
  18. arrangements
  19. art
  20. artists
  21. asian
  22. aspect
  23. associate
  24. astonishing
  25. attempted
  26. australian
  27. average
  28. aversion
  29. band
  30. basically
  31. beautiful
  32. beauty
  33. began
  34. beings
  35. blood
  36. blur
  37. body
  38. bolts
  39. born
  40. brings
  41. broccoli
  42. broken
  43. brother
  44. brought
  45. build
  46. calculations
  47. call
  48. career
  49. caused
  50. center
  51. centimeter
  52. chance
  53. change
  54. changed
  55. chaos
  56. characters
  57. cheers
  58. child
  59. chords
  60. church
  61. cinematographers
  62. circles
  63. circular
  64. class
  65. classes
  66. close
  67. clouds
  68. combining
  69. common
  70. compare
  71. competition
  72. connections
  73. conversation
  74. convinced
  75. cool
  76. corner
  77. correlated
  78. corridor
  79. cosmos
  80. counting
  81. couple
  82. created
  83. creates
  84. creating
  85. creative
  86. creators
  87. critical
  88. cross
  89. crunching
  90. cubic
  91. culture
  92. dark
  93. dawned
  94. day
  95. declare
  96. deep
  97. degree
  98. degrees
  99. delight
  100. delta
  101. depends
  102. depicting
  103. design
  104. developing
  105. difference
  106. disappear
  107. discovered
  108. disorderly
  109. distinctions
  110. dominated
  111. dream
  112. drew
  113. drink
  114. dry
  115. dutifully
  116. earlier
  117. earth
  118. eddie
  119. education
  120. educators
  121. efficient
  122. emerge
  123. emerges
  124. encounter
  125. encouraged
  126. ended
  127. endlessly
  128. engaged
  129. english
  130. enroll
  131. entered
  132. entire
  133. equal
  134. examples
  135. exercise
  136. exhibit
  137. expands
  138. experience
  139. eyes
  140. eyesight
  141. fabric
  142. fact
  143. faculty
  144. favorite
  145. feel
  146. felt
  147. fern
  148. filled
  149. find
  150. finding
  151. fingers
  152. firsthand
  153. firstly
  154. flower
  155. flowers
  156. focus
  157. forced
  158. forming
  159. forms
  160. formulas
  161. fractals
  162. fractions
  163. fractures
  164. genetic
  165. geometric
  166. geometry
  167. girl
  168. glasses
  169. golden
  170. good
  171. gradually
  172. great
  173. greater
  174. grow
  175. guarantee
  176. guess
  177. guidance
  178. guitar
  179. head
  180. hear
  181. hidden
  182. high
  183. history
  184. home
  185. honored
  186. hooked
  187. hours
  188. huge
  189. human
  190. humanities
  191. humans
  192. humor
  193. identical
  194. imagination
  195. immensely
  196. impact
  197. impairment
  198. impressing
  199. includes
  200. inscrutable
  201. insight
  202. instance
  203. intangible
  204. intricate
  205. islamic
  206. joy
  207. joyless
  208. keen
  209. kind
  210. knew
  211. land
  212. large
  213. lasted
  214. lasting
  215. laughter
  216. learn
  217. learned
  218. learning
  219. leaves
  220. led
  221. life
  222. lightning
  223. line
  224. list
  225. live
  226. lives
  227. logical
  228. long
  229. lot
  230. lottery
  231. love
  232. majestic
  233. majority
  234. making
  235. mathematical
  236. mathematically
  237. mathematicians
  238. mathematics
  239. maths
  240. matter
  241. means
  242. meet
  243. meeting
  244. memorizing
  245. microversion
  246. migrant
  247. mind
  248. mindlessly
  249. mistake
  250. music
  251. musical
  252. musicians
  253. narratives
  254. natural
  255. naturally
  256. nature
  257. nice
  258. note
  259. noticed
  260. number
  261. numbers
  262. objects
  263. ocean
  264. open
  265. opportunity
  266. opposed
  267. order
  268. orderly
  269. organically
  270. originally
  271. outsider
  272. outsiders
  273. outwards
  274. packed
  275. painters
  276. parents
  277. part
  278. parthenon
  279. parts
  280. party
  281. pattern
  282. patterned
  283. patterns
  284. people
  285. perceive
  286. perceived
  287. perfect
  288. perplexing
  289. persevered
  290. person
  291. personal
  292. perspective
  293. phalanges
  294. piano
  295. picked
  296. piece
  297. pillars
  298. pinned
  299. pitch
  300. place
  301. plain
  302. planet
  303. plants
  304. play
  305. playing
  306. ponder
  307. poor
  308. positive
  309. practical
  310. practice
  311. prestigious
  312. pretty
  313. print
  314. prizes
  315. problem
  316. problems
  317. process
  318. produce
  319. produces
  320. professors
  321. proud
  322. pulsing
  323. questions
  324. quickly
  325. racist
  326. raging
  327. raised
  328. random
  329. ranked
  330. ratio
  331. realities
  332. reality
  333. realize
  334. realized
  335. received
  336. recursive
  337. reference
  338. refined
  339. regarded
  340. relationships
  341. remains
  342. remarkably
  343. repeating
  344. resources
  345. rest
  346. rhythm
  347. rich
  348. river
  349. rivers
  350. room
  351. rotation
  352. rote
  353. royalty
  354. sad
  355. sails
  356. scales
  357. school
  358. schools
  359. scores
  360. sculptors
  361. sea
  362. seeds
  363. seldom
  364. selective
  365. sense
  366. senses
  367. set
  368. shameful
  369. shape
  370. shapes
  371. share
  372. sharper
  373. shattered
  374. short
  375. shortage
  376. show
  377. side
  378. sight
  379. similar
  380. similarities
  381. single
  382. sipping
  383. sky
  384. slowly
  385. solitary
  386. solve
  387. sounds
  388. special
  389. spend
  390. spin
  391. spiral
  392. spirals
  393. spring
  394. start
  395. started
  396. status
  397. steel
  398. stories
  399. storms
  400. straw
  401. striking
  402. string
  403. structure
  404. struggle
  405. struggled
  406. students
  407. studied
  408. subject
  409. subjects
  410. sunflower
  411. surely
  412. surprisingly
  413. surrounded
  414. suspicious
  415. swim
  416. sydney
  417. symbol
  418. symbols
  419. symmetry
  420. systems
  421. talk
  422. taste
  423. teach
  424. teacher
  425. teaching
  426. teenager
  427. thought
  428. tile
  429. time
  430. today
  431. told
  432. torture
  433. towering
  434. trace
  435. tree
  436. trees
  437. triangles
  438. turns
  439. twists
  440. undeniable
  441. understand
  442. universal
  443. universe
  444. university
  445. unmistakable
  446. vast
  447. vessels
  448. wanted
  449. wasted
  450. water
  451. ways
  452. wear
  453. weekends
  454. winding
  455. wines
  456. winter
  457. wired
  458. word
  459. world
  460. woven
  461. wrestled
  462. wrong
  463. year
  464. years
  465. young