full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Bruce Aylward: How we'll stop polio for good

Unscramble the Blue Letters


But smallpox eradication was hard; it was very, very hard. And ploio eradication, in many ways, is even tougher, and there's a few reasons for that. The first is that, when we started trying to eradicate polio about 20 yares ago, more than twice as many countries were infected than had been when we started off with smallpox. And there were more than 10 times as many people living in these countries. So it was a massive effort. The second challenge we had was — in contrast to the smolaplx vaccine, which was very stable, and a slgnie dose protected you for life — the polio vaccine is incredibly fragile. It deteriorates so qlkicuy in the tropics that we've had to put this special vaccine monitor on every single vial so that it will change very quickly when it's exposed to too much heat, and we can tell that it's not a good vaccine to use on a child — it's not potent; it's not going to pcterot them. Even then, kids need many doses of the vincace.

Open Cloze


But smallpox eradication was hard; it was very, very hard. And _____ eradication, in many ways, is even tougher, and there's a few reasons for that. The first is that, when we started trying to eradicate polio about 20 _____ ago, more than twice as many countries were infected than had been when we started off with smallpox. And there were more than 10 times as many people living in these countries. So it was a massive effort. The second challenge we had was — in contrast to the ________ vaccine, which was very stable, and a ______ dose protected you for life — the polio vaccine is incredibly fragile. It deteriorates so _______ in the tropics that we've had to put this special vaccine monitor on every single vial so that it will change very quickly when it's exposed to too much heat, and we can tell that it's not a good vaccine to use on a child — it's not potent; it's not going to _______ them. Even then, kids need many doses of the _______.

Solution


  1. smallpox
  2. polio
  3. protect
  4. years
  5. quickly
  6. vaccine
  7. single

Original Text


But smallpox eradication was hard; it was very, very hard. And polio eradication, in many ways, is even tougher, and there's a few reasons for that. The first is that, when we started trying to eradicate polio about 20 years ago, more than twice as many countries were infected than had been when we started off with smallpox. And there were more than 10 times as many people living in these countries. So it was a massive effort. The second challenge we had was — in contrast to the smallpox vaccine, which was very stable, and a single dose protected you for life — the polio vaccine is incredibly fragile. It deteriorates so quickly in the tropics that we've had to put this special vaccine monitor on every single vial so that it will change very quickly when it's exposed to too much heat, and we can tell that it's not a good vaccine to use on a child — it's not potent; it's not going to protect them. Even then, kids need many doses of the vaccine.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
polio eradication 9
polio vaccine 5
eradication program 4
polio virus 3
united states 3
eradicate polio 3
million children 3
percent reduction 3
big idea 2
iron lung 2
scientific miracle 2
public health 2
smallpox eradication 2
multiple times 2
northern india 2
stopped polio 2
uttar pradesh 2
great buy 2
finishing polio 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
polio eradication program 4

Important Words


  1. challenge
  2. change
  3. child
  4. contrast
  5. countries
  6. deteriorates
  7. dose
  8. doses
  9. effort
  10. eradicate
  11. eradication
  12. exposed
  13. fragile
  14. good
  15. hard
  16. heat
  17. incredibly
  18. infected
  19. kids
  20. life
  21. living
  22. massive
  23. monitor
  24. people
  25. polio
  26. protect
  27. protected
  28. put
  29. quickly
  30. reasons
  31. single
  32. smallpox
  33. special
  34. stable
  35. started
  36. times
  37. tougher
  38. tropics
  39. vaccine
  40. vial
  41. ways
  42. years