TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Joy Lin: If superpowers were real Flight

Unscramble the Blue Letters

If humans could fly, without tloos and machines, how fast do you think we would go? As of 2012, the world rocred for fastest short-distance sprint speed is rgluhoy 27 miles per hour. Running speed depneds on how much force is exerted by the runner's legs, and according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, fcroe is the product of mass times acceleration. And Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite roiacetn. So, that mnaes running rieruqes having a ground to push off from, and the ground pushes back against the runner's foot. So, flying would actually be more similar to swimming. Michael Phelps is currently the fastest human in water and the most decorated Olympian of all time. Guess how fast he swims? The answer may srpuirse you. His fastest recorded speed is less than 5 miles per hour. A clhid on the ground can easily ourtun mehaicl Phelps in wetar, but why is that? Well, let's go back to Newton's Third Law of Motion. When we run, we move forward by pushing against the ground with our feet and the ground pushes back, propelling us forward. The gnuord is soild. By definition, it means the perlcatis are essentially locked into place and must push back instead of getting out of the way, but water is liquid and folws easily. When we move our limbs to push back against the water, a part of the water muleelocs can just sdile past one another instead of pushing back. Now, let's think about flying. Air has a lot more free scape for particles to move past one another, so even more of our energy would be weastd. We would need to push a lot of air backwards in order to move forward. Astronauts move around in shuttles in zero gravity when they're in oeutr space by pulling on handles isetnlald on the ceiling walls and floors of the shuttle. Now, imagine you were given the ability to float. How would you move around in the middle of the street? Well, you wouldn't get very far by swimming in air, would you? Nah, I don't think so! Now, anmiussg you were grneatd the ability to float and the speed to move around efficiently, let's discuss the hhgeit of your flight. According to the Ideal Gas Law, P-V N-R-T, pressure and temperature has a pistvioe correlation, meaning they increase and decrease together. This is because the air expands in volume with less psursere, so the molecules have more room to wander around without cdlloinig into each other and creating heat. Since the atmospheric pressure is a lot lower in high altitudes, it would be freezing cold if you were flying above the clouds. You'd need to wrap yourself up to keep your core body tetreupamre above 95 degrees Fahrenheit, otherwise you'd start shivering violently, gradually becoming mentally cuesfnod and eventually drop out of the sky due to loss of muscle control from hypothermia! Now, the Ideal Gas Law implies that as the pressure decreases, gas volume increases. So, if you were to fly straight up too quickly, the inert gas in your body would rapidly expand the way soda fizzes up when seakhn. The phenomenon is called "the bends," decompression sickness, or "divers disease" since deep sea scuba divers experience this when they come up too qikcluy. This results in pain, paralysis, or death, depending on how foamy your blood becomes. Okay, well, let's say you want to fly just a few meters above the ground where you can still see the road signs and breath ogxyen with ease. You'll still need ggloges and a helmet to protect you from brids, insects, street signs, electrical wires, and other flying huanms, including flying cops ready to hand you a ticket if you don't follow the fylnig rules, buddy. Now remember, if you have a collision mid-air that knocks you unconscious, you would experience free fall until you hit the ground. Without society or the laws of physics, flying would be a totally awesome ability to have. But, even if we could all just float around a few feet above the ground and only moving at a snail's pace, I'm telling you, it's still a cool ailtbiy that I'd want, wouldn't you? Yeah, I thought so. Now, which sowupeprer psyichs lesson will you explore next? Shifting body size and content, super speed, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility.

Open Cloze

If humans could fly, without _____ and machines, how fast do you think we would go? As of 2012, the world ______ for fastest short-distance sprint speed is _______ 27 miles per hour. Running speed _______ on how much force is exerted by the runner's legs, and according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, _____ is the product of mass times acceleration. And Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite ________. So, that _____ running ________ having a ground to push off from, and the ground pushes back against the runner's foot. So, flying would actually be more similar to swimming. Michael Phelps is currently the fastest human in water and the most decorated Olympian of all time. Guess how fast he swims? The answer may ________ you. His fastest recorded speed is less than 5 miles per hour. A _____ on the ground can easily ______ _______ Phelps in _____, but why is that? Well, let's go back to Newton's Third Law of Motion. When we run, we move forward by pushing against the ground with our feet and the ground pushes back, propelling us forward. The ______ is _____. By definition, it means the _________ are essentially locked into place and must push back instead of getting out of the way, but water is liquid and _____ easily. When we move our limbs to push back against the water, a part of the water _________ can just _____ past one another instead of pushing back. Now, let's think about flying. Air has a lot more free _____ for particles to move past one another, so even more of our energy would be ______. We would need to push a lot of air backwards in order to move forward. Astronauts move around in shuttles in zero gravity when they're in _____ space by pulling on handles _________ on the ceiling walls and floors of the shuttle. Now, imagine you were given the ability to float. How would you move around in the middle of the street? Well, you wouldn't get very far by swimming in air, would you? Nah, I don't think so! Now, ________ you were _______ the ability to float and the speed to move around efficiently, let's discuss the ______ of your flight. According to the Ideal Gas Law, P-V N-R-T, pressure and temperature has a ________ correlation, meaning they increase and decrease together. This is because the air expands in volume with less ________, so the molecules have more room to wander around without _________ into each other and creating heat. Since the atmospheric pressure is a lot lower in high altitudes, it would be freezing cold if you were flying above the clouds. You'd need to wrap yourself up to keep your core body ___________ above 95 degrees Fahrenheit, otherwise you'd start shivering violently, gradually becoming mentally ________ and eventually drop out of the sky due to loss of muscle control from hypothermia! Now, the Ideal Gas Law implies that as the pressure decreases, gas volume increases. So, if you were to fly straight up too quickly, the inert gas in your body would rapidly expand the way soda fizzes up when ______. The phenomenon is called "the bends," decompression sickness, or "divers disease" since deep sea scuba divers experience this when they come up too _______. This results in pain, paralysis, or death, depending on how foamy your blood becomes. Okay, well, let's say you want to fly just a few meters above the ground where you can still see the road signs and breath ______ with ease. You'll still need _______ and a helmet to protect you from _____, insects, street signs, electrical wires, and other flying ______, including flying cops ready to hand you a ticket if you don't follow the ______ rules, buddy. Now remember, if you have a collision mid-air that knocks you unconscious, you would experience free fall until you hit the ground. Without society or the laws of physics, flying would be a totally awesome ability to have. But, even if we could all just float around a few feet above the ground and only moving at a snail's pace, I'm telling you, it's still a cool _______ that I'd want, wouldn't you? Yeah, I thought so. Now, which __________ _______ lesson will you explore next? Shifting body size and content, super speed, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility.

Solution

flying
space
requires
oxygen
outrun
confused
flows
ability
humans
reaction
roughly
superpower
michael
height
outer
shaken
record
water
depends
positive
tools
physics
pressure
temperature
colliding
solid
force
goggles
quickly
granted
assuming
molecules
slide
wasted
ground
installed
means
surprise
child
particles
birds

Original Text

If humans could fly, without tools and machines, how fast do you think we would go? As of 2012, the world record for fastest short-distance sprint speed is roughly 27 miles per hour. Running speed depends on how much force is exerted by the runner's legs, and according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, force is the product of mass times acceleration. And Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. So, that means running requires having a ground to push off from, and the ground pushes back against the runner's foot. So, flying would actually be more similar to swimming. Michael Phelps is currently the fastest human in water and the most decorated Olympian of all time. Guess how fast he swims? The answer may surprise you. His fastest recorded speed is less than 5 miles per hour. A child on the ground can easily outrun Michael Phelps in water, but why is that? Well, let's go back to Newton's Third Law of Motion. When we run, we move forward by pushing against the ground with our feet and the ground pushes back, propelling us forward. The ground is solid. By definition, it means the particles are essentially locked into place and must push back instead of getting out of the way, but water is liquid and flows easily. When we move our limbs to push back against the water, a part of the water molecules can just slide past one another instead of pushing back. Now, let's think about flying. Air has a lot more free space for particles to move past one another, so even more of our energy would be wasted. We would need to push a lot of air backwards in order to move forward. Astronauts move around in shuttles in zero gravity when they're in outer space by pulling on handles installed on the ceiling walls and floors of the shuttle. Now, imagine you were given the ability to float. How would you move around in the middle of the street? Well, you wouldn't get very far by swimming in air, would you? Nah, I don't think so! Now, assuming you were granted the ability to float and the speed to move around efficiently, let's discuss the height of your flight. According to the Ideal Gas Law, P-V N-R-T, pressure and temperature has a positive correlation, meaning they increase and decrease together. This is because the air expands in volume with less pressure, so the molecules have more room to wander around without colliding into each other and creating heat. Since the atmospheric pressure is a lot lower in high altitudes, it would be freezing cold if you were flying above the clouds. You'd need to wrap yourself up to keep your core body temperature above 95 degrees Fahrenheit, otherwise you'd start shivering violently, gradually becoming mentally confused and eventually drop out of the sky due to loss of muscle control from hypothermia! Now, the Ideal Gas Law implies that as the pressure decreases, gas volume increases. So, if you were to fly straight up too quickly, the inert gas in your body would rapidly expand the way soda fizzes up when shaken. The phenomenon is called "the bends," decompression sickness, or "divers disease" since deep sea scuba divers experience this when they come up too quickly. This results in pain, paralysis, or death, depending on how foamy your blood becomes. Okay, well, let's say you want to fly just a few meters above the ground where you can still see the road signs and breath oxygen with ease. You'll still need goggles and a helmet to protect you from birds, insects, street signs, electrical wires, and other flying humans, including flying cops ready to hand you a ticket if you don't follow the flying rules, buddy. Now remember, if you have a collision mid-air that knocks you unconscious, you would experience free fall until you hit the ground. Without society or the laws of physics, flying would be a totally awesome ability to have. But, even if we could all just float around a few feet above the ground and only moving at a snail's pace, I'm telling you, it's still a cool ability that I'd want, wouldn't you? Yeah, I thought so. Now, which superpower physics lesson will you explore next? Shifting body size and content, super speed, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
ground pushes	2
michael phelps	2
ideal gas	2

Important Words

ability
acceleration
action
air
altitudes
answer
assuming
astronauts
atmospheric
awesome
bends
birds
blood
body
breath
buddy
called
ceiling
child
clouds
cold
colliding
collision
confused
content
control
cool
cops
core
correlation
creating
death
decompression
decorated
decrease
decreases
deep
definition
degrees
depending
depends
discuss
divers
drop
due
ease
easily
efficiently
electrical
energy
equal
essentially
eventually
exerted
expand
expands
experience
explore
fahrenheit
fall
fast
fastest
feet
fizzes
flight
float
floors
flows
fly
flying
foamy
follow
foot
force
free
freezing
gas
goggles
gradually
granted
gravity
ground
guess
hand
handles
heat
height
helmet
high
hit
hour
human
humans
ideal
imagine
immortality
implies
including
increase
increases
inert
insects
installed
invisibility
knocks
law
laws
legs
lesson
limbs
liquid
locked
loss
lot
machines
mass
meaning
means
mentally
meters
michael
middle
miles
molecules
motion
move
moving
muscle
nah
olympian
order
outer
outrun
oxygen
pace
pain
paralysis
part
particles
phelps
phenomenon
physics
place
positive
pressure
product
propelling
protect
pulling
push
pushes
pushing
quickly
rapidly
reaction
ready
record
recorded
remember
requires
results
road
room
roughly
rules
run
running
scuba
sea
shaken
shifting
shivering
shuttle
shuttles
sickness
signs
similar
size
sky
slide
society
soda
solid
space
speed
sprint
start
states
straight
street
strength
super
superpower
surprise
swimming
swims
telling
temperature
thought
ticket
time
times
tools
totally
unconscious
violently
volume
walls
wander
wasted
water
wires
world
wrap
yeah