full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Andras Forgacs: Leather and meat without killing animals

Unscramble the Blue Letters


Now how do we do it? To grow leather, we begin by taking cells from an animal, through a simple biopsy. The animal could be a cow, lamb, or even something more exotic. This process does no harm, and dasiy the cow can live a happy life. We then isolate the skin cells and multiply them in a cell culture medium. This takes millions of cells and expands them into billions. And we then coax these cells to produce collagen, as they would naturally. This collagen is the stuff between clels. It's nutaral cncitovnee tissue. It's the extracellular matrix, but in letaher, it's the main building block. And what we next do is we take the cells and their claoegln and we spread them out to form sheets, and then we layer these thin sheets on top of one another, like phyllo pastry, to form thicker setehs, which we then let mature. And flainly, we take this multilayered skin and through a shoretr and much less chemical tanning process, we create leather. And so I'm very excited to show you, for the first time, the first batch of our ctlruued leather, fresh from the lab. This is real, genuine leather, without the aaniml sacrifice. It can have all the characteristics of leather because it is made of the same cells, and better yet, there is no hair to rvmeoe, no scars or insect's bites, and no waste. This leather can be gowrn in the spahe of a welalt, a handbag or a car seat. It is not limited to the irregular shape of a cow or an alligator.

Open Cloze


Now how do we do it? To grow leather, we begin by taking cells from an animal, through a simple biopsy. The animal could be a cow, lamb, or even something more exotic. This process does no harm, and _____ the cow can live a happy life. We then isolate the skin cells and multiply them in a cell culture medium. This takes millions of cells and expands them into billions. And we then coax these cells to produce collagen, as they would naturally. This collagen is the stuff between _____. It's _______ __________ tissue. It's the extracellular matrix, but in _______, it's the main building block. And what we next do is we take the cells and their ________ and we spread them out to form sheets, and then we layer these thin sheets on top of one another, like phyllo pastry, to form thicker ______, which we then let mature. And _______, we take this multilayered skin and through a _______ and much less chemical tanning process, we create leather. And so I'm very excited to show you, for the first time, the first batch of our ________ leather, fresh from the lab. This is real, genuine leather, without the ______ sacrifice. It can have all the characteristics of leather because it is made of the same cells, and better yet, there is no hair to ______, no scars or insect's bites, and no waste. This leather can be _____ in the _____ of a ______, a handbag or a car seat. It is not limited to the irregular shape of a cow or an alligator.

Solution


  1. remove
  2. natural
  3. cells
  4. sheets
  5. cultured
  6. shorter
  7. animal
  8. daisy
  9. finally
  10. collagen
  11. connective
  12. wallet
  13. shape
  14. grown
  15. leather

Original Text


Now how do we do it? To grow leather, we begin by taking cells from an animal, through a simple biopsy. The animal could be a cow, lamb, or even something more exotic. This process does no harm, and Daisy the cow can live a happy life. We then isolate the skin cells and multiply them in a cell culture medium. This takes millions of cells and expands them into billions. And we then coax these cells to produce collagen, as they would naturally. This collagen is the stuff between cells. It's natural connective tissue. It's the extracellular matrix, but in leather, it's the main building block. And what we next do is we take the cells and their collagen and we spread them out to form sheets, and then we layer these thin sheets on top of one another, like phyllo pastry, to form thicker sheets, which we then let mature. And finally, we take this multilayered skin and through a shorter and much less chemical tanning process, we create leather. And so I'm very excited to show you, for the first time, the first batch of our cultured leather, fresh from the lab. This is real, genuine leather, without the animal sacrifice. It can have all the characteristics of leather because it is made of the same cells, and better yet, there is no hair to remove, no scars or insect's bites, and no waste. This leather can be grown in the shape of a wallet, a handbag or a car seat. It is not limited to the irregular shape of a cow or an alligator.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
animal products 4
billion animals 2
cell culture 2
cultured food 2


Important Words


  1. alligator
  2. animal
  3. batch
  4. billions
  5. biopsy
  6. bites
  7. block
  8. building
  9. car
  10. cell
  11. cells
  12. characteristics
  13. chemical
  14. coax
  15. collagen
  16. connective
  17. cow
  18. create
  19. culture
  20. cultured
  21. daisy
  22. excited
  23. exotic
  24. expands
  25. extracellular
  26. finally
  27. form
  28. fresh
  29. genuine
  30. grow
  31. grown
  32. hair
  33. handbag
  34. happy
  35. harm
  36. irregular
  37. isolate
  38. lab
  39. lamb
  40. layer
  41. leather
  42. life
  43. limited
  44. live
  45. main
  46. matrix
  47. mature
  48. medium
  49. millions
  50. multilayered
  51. multiply
  52. natural
  53. naturally
  54. pastry
  55. phyllo
  56. process
  57. produce
  58. real
  59. remove
  60. sacrifice
  61. scars
  62. seat
  63. shape
  64. sheets
  65. shorter
  66. show
  67. simple
  68. skin
  69. spread
  70. stuff
  71. takes
  72. tanning
  73. thicker
  74. thin
  75. time
  76. tissue
  77. top
  78. wallet
  79. waste