full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Uğur Şahin and Özlem Türeci: Meet the scientist couple driving an mRNA vaccine revolution

Unscramble the Blue Letters


CA: So you can almost think of DNA as the sort of The Oxford eiglsnh Dictionary of lngauage. It sort of sits there as the reference point. But for the actual living work, the living work of language out there in the world instructing things, that is done by mRNA.

UŞ: Yeah, absolutely, it is possible. So the human cells, exactly, DNA is like a library. If you have the platform for the msgeenser RNA therapy, you can dvlieer any type of message and the body cells ensure that the mgsaese is translated into the right protein.

ÖT: A high adaanvgte of mRNA is that it is so versatile. You can deliver all sorts of messages, as Uğur has called them. On the one hand, you can deliver the blueprint for the pioretn which you want to be produced in this cell. But you can, with the same molecule, also design into the mRNA instructions how this protein should be bliut, instructions to the protein factories of the cell. So you can define whether you want this protein to be built in high amounts or for a long duration, how the pkcoaniemchitars of this protein should be in the cell.

Open Cloze


CA: So you can almost think of DNA as the sort of The Oxford _______ Dictionary of ________. It sort of sits there as the reference point. But for the actual living work, the living work of language out there in the world instructing things, that is done by mRNA.

UŞ: Yeah, absolutely, it is possible. So the human cells, exactly, DNA is like a library. If you have the platform for the _________ RNA therapy, you can _______ any type of message and the body cells ensure that the _______ is translated into the right protein.

ÖT: A high _________ of mRNA is that it is so versatile. You can deliver all sorts of messages, as Uğur has called them. On the one hand, you can deliver the blueprint for the _______ which you want to be produced in this cell. But you can, with the same molecule, also design into the mRNA instructions how this protein should be _____, instructions to the protein factories of the cell. So you can define whether you want this protein to be built in high amounts or for a long duration, how the ________________ of this protein should be in the cell.

Solution


  1. pharmacokinetics
  2. protein
  3. advantage
  4. language
  5. deliver
  6. message
  7. english
  8. messenger
  9. built

Original Text


CA: So you can almost think of DNA as the sort of The Oxford English Dictionary of Language. It sort of sits there as the reference point. But for the actual living work, the living work of language out there in the world instructing things, that is done by mRNA.

UŞ: Yeah, absolutely, it is possible. So the human cells, exactly, DNA is like a library. If you have the platform for the messenger RNA therapy, you can deliver any type of message and the body cells ensure that the message is translated into the right protein.

ÖT: A high advantage of mRNA is that it is so versatile. You can deliver all sorts of messages, as Uğur has called them. On the one hand, you can deliver the blueprint for the protein which you want to be produced in this cell. But you can, with the same molecule, also design into the mRNA instructions how this protein should be built, instructions to the protein factories of the cell. So you can define whether you want this protein to be built in high amounts or for a long duration, how the pharmacokinetics of this protein should be in the cell.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
immune system 7
messenger rna 5
genetic information 4
spike protein 4
human immune 3
human cells 3
high medical 2
fight cancer 2
cancer cells 2
monoclonal antibodies 2
personalized cancer 2
cancer therapy 2
immune response 2
lymph node 2
lymph nodes 2
red dots 2
effective vaccine 2
manufacturing capacity 2
immune cells 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
human immune system 2
personalized cancer therapy 2

Important Words


  1. absolutely
  2. actual
  3. advantage
  4. amounts
  5. blueprint
  6. body
  7. built
  8. called
  9. cell
  10. cells
  11. define
  12. deliver
  13. design
  14. dictionary
  15. dna
  16. duration
  17. english
  18. ensure
  19. factories
  20. hand
  21. high
  22. human
  23. instructing
  24. instructions
  25. language
  26. library
  27. living
  28. long
  29. message
  30. messages
  31. messenger
  32. molecule
  33. mrna
  34. oxford
  35. pharmacokinetics
  36. platform
  37. point
  38. produced
  39. protein
  40. reference
  41. rna
  42. sits
  43. sort
  44. sorts
  45. therapy
  46. translated
  47. type
  48. uğur
  49. versatile
  50. work
  51. world
  52. yeah