full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics

Unscramble the Blue Letters


Now, these are not separate. They're rletead, because if we invest heavily in new oil wells, we reduce the incentives for conservation of oil in the same way that's going to hppean for antibiotics. The reverse is also going to happen, which is that if we use our antibiotics aprepoaipltry, we don't necessarily have to make the investments in new drug development.

And if you thought that these two were entirely, fully balanced between these two options, you might consider the fact that this is really a game that we're playing. The game is really one of coovilotuen, and coevolution is, in this particular puitcre, between cheetahs and gelzaels. Cheetahs have evlvoed to run faster, because if they didn't run faster, they wouldn't get any lunch. Gazelles have evolved to run faster because if they don't run faster, they would be lunch. Now, this is the game we're playing against the beratcia, except we're not the cheetahs, we're the gazelles, and the bacteria would, just in the course of this little talk, would have had kids and gindkrdas and figured out how to be resistant just by soeteciln and trial and error, trying it over and over again. Whereas how do we stay ahead of the bacteria? We have drug discovery processes, screening molecules, we have clinical trials, and then, when we think we have a drug, then we have the FDA regulatory process. And once we go through all of that, then we try to stay one step ahead of the bacteria.

Open Cloze


Now, these are not separate. They're _______, because if we invest heavily in new oil wells, we reduce the incentives for conservation of oil in the same way that's going to ______ for antibiotics. The reverse is also going to happen, which is that if we use our antibiotics _____________, we don't necessarily have to make the investments in new drug development.

And if you thought that these two were entirely, fully balanced between these two options, you might consider the fact that this is really a game that we're playing. The game is really one of ___________, and coevolution is, in this particular _______, between cheetahs and ________. Cheetahs have _______ to run faster, because if they didn't run faster, they wouldn't get any lunch. Gazelles have evolved to run faster because if they don't run faster, they would be lunch. Now, this is the game we're playing against the ________, except we're not the cheetahs, we're the gazelles, and the bacteria would, just in the course of this little talk, would have had kids and _________ and figured out how to be resistant just by _________ and trial and error, trying it over and over again. Whereas how do we stay ahead of the bacteria? We have drug discovery processes, screening molecules, we have clinical trials, and then, when we think we have a drug, then we have the FDA regulatory process. And once we go through all of that, then we try to stay one step ahead of the bacteria.

Solution


  1. related
  2. happen
  3. picture
  4. appropriately
  5. bacteria
  6. coevolution
  7. gazelles
  8. selection
  9. evolved
  10. grandkids

Original Text


Now, these are not separate. They're related, because if we invest heavily in new oil wells, we reduce the incentives for conservation of oil in the same way that's going to happen for antibiotics. The reverse is also going to happen, which is that if we use our antibiotics appropriately, we don't necessarily have to make the investments in new drug development.

And if you thought that these two were entirely, fully balanced between these two options, you might consider the fact that this is really a game that we're playing. The game is really one of coevolution, and coevolution is, in this particular picture, between cheetahs and gazelles. Cheetahs have evolved to run faster, because if they didn't run faster, they wouldn't get any lunch. Gazelles have evolved to run faster because if they don't run faster, they would be lunch. Now, this is the game we're playing against the bacteria, except we're not the cheetahs, we're the gazelles, and the bacteria would, just in the course of this little talk, would have had kids and grandkids and figured out how to be resistant just by selection and trial and error, trying it over and over again. Whereas how do we stay ahead of the bacteria? We have drug discovery processes, screening molecules, we have clinical trials, and then, when we think we have a drug, then we have the FDA regulatory process. And once we go through all of that, then we try to stay one step ahead of the bacteria.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
poor man 2
climate change 2
treat malaria 2


Important Words


  1. antibiotics
  2. appropriately
  3. bacteria
  4. balanced
  5. cheetahs
  6. clinical
  7. coevolution
  8. conservation
  9. development
  10. discovery
  11. drug
  12. error
  13. evolved
  14. fact
  15. faster
  16. fda
  17. figured
  18. fully
  19. game
  20. gazelles
  21. grandkids
  22. happen
  23. heavily
  24. incentives
  25. invest
  26. investments
  27. kids
  28. lunch
  29. molecules
  30. necessarily
  31. oil
  32. options
  33. picture
  34. playing
  35. process
  36. processes
  37. reduce
  38. regulatory
  39. related
  40. resistant
  41. reverse
  42. run
  43. screening
  44. selection
  45. separate
  46. stay
  47. step
  48. talk
  49. thought
  50. trial
  51. trials
  52. wells