full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Seth Berkley: The quest for the coronavirus vaccine

Unscramble the Blue Letters


SB: So, the original idea, the word "vaccine," comes from "vaca," or cow. And the observation made in the 1700s was that milkmaids had bufueital skin, whereas everybody else had pockmarks from having gotten over smallpox. And the coenpct was that she was getting infected with a zionsoos, that is, with naturally occurring cowpox, not smallpox. That then ptoeectrd against smallpox. And it was tested in those days: Could you artificially do that? They of course didn't understand virology, they didn't understand any of those issues. But what a vaccine is is something that you give to artificially stiatlmue the immune system, hopefully to not make you sick. But then later on, when the body comes in ctnocat with the real disease, it thinks it's already seen it and it is able to fight it off without making the person sick.

Open Cloze


SB: So, the original idea, the word "vaccine," comes from "vaca," or cow. And the observation made in the 1700s was that milkmaids had _________ skin, whereas everybody else had pockmarks from having gotten over smallpox. And the _______ was that she was getting infected with a ________, that is, with naturally occurring cowpox, not smallpox. That then _________ against smallpox. And it was tested in those days: Could you artificially do that? They of course didn't understand virology, they didn't understand any of those issues. But what a vaccine is is something that you give to artificially _________ the immune system, hopefully to not make you sick. But then later on, when the body comes in _______ with the real disease, it thinks it's already seen it and it is able to fight it off without making the person sick.

Solution


  1. contact
  2. beautiful
  3. stimulate
  4. concept
  5. zoonosis
  6. protected

Original Text


SB: So, the original idea, the word "vaccine," comes from "vaca," or cow. And the observation made in the 1700s was that milkmaids had beautiful skin, whereas everybody else had pockmarks from having gotten over smallpox. And the concept was that she was getting infected with a zoonosis, that is, with naturally occurring cowpox, not smallpox. That then protected against smallpox. And it was tested in those days: Could you artificially do that? They of course didn't understand virology, they didn't understand any of those issues. But what a vaccine is is something that you give to artificially stimulate the immune system, hopefully to not make you sick. But then later on, when the body comes in contact with the real disease, it thinks it's already seen it and it is able to fight it off without making the person sick.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
candidate vaccine 5
immune response 5
bill gates 4
clinical trials 4
long time 3
ted community 3
developing world 3
clinical trial 3
public sector 3
common cold 3
time line 3
good immune 3
health system 3
whitney pennington 2
unprecedented moment 2
pretty good 2
seth berkley 2
coronavirus vaccine 2
yellow fever 2
million additional 2
additional children 2
global response 2
ted stage 2
fully tested 2
market failure 2
developing countries 2
cold viruses 2
animal model 2
genetic sequence 2
licensed product 2
clinical testing 2
efficacy trial 2
enroll people 2
informed consent 2
questions coming 2
health workers 2
bill talked 2
immune responses 2
wealthy countries 2
scary dance 2
good idea 2
global public 2
good news 2
ted talk 2
great question 2
people listening 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
million additional children 2
common cold viruses 2

Important Words


  1. artificially
  2. beautiful
  3. body
  4. concept
  5. contact
  6. cow
  7. cowpox
  8. disease
  9. fight
  10. give
  11. idea
  12. immune
  13. infected
  14. issues
  15. making
  16. milkmaids
  17. naturally
  18. observation
  19. occurring
  20. original
  21. person
  22. pockmarks
  23. protected
  24. real
  25. sick
  26. skin
  27. smallpox
  28. stimulate
  29. system
  30. tested
  31. thinks
  32. understand
  33. vaccine
  34. virology
  35. word
  36. zoonosis