full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Angel Chang: The wildly complex anatomy of a sneaker

Unscramble the Blue Letters


Shoe manufacturing accounts for roughly one-fifth of the fashion industry’s carbon emissions. Sneakers alone generate 313 million metric tons of carbon dioxide every year, which is equivalent to the annual emissions of 66 million cars. To better understand your shoe’s carbon foprtonit, let’s dive into the anatomy of a sneaker.

For strearts, the heel, insole, msiodle, and upper lyaer are usually made from synthetic textiles like petyleosr, nylon, latex, and prylhtnuoaee. Mining the fossil fuels that make up these materials emtis tons of greenhouse gases. And processing those raw ingredients into synthetic textiles also uses a lot of energy, further compounding that pollution. Some skeaner tops are made from natural sources like leather, but tnaning this material relies on chromium; a carcinogenic chemical that can damage freshwater ecosystems.

Open Cloze


Shoe manufacturing accounts for roughly one-fifth of the fashion industry’s carbon emissions. Sneakers alone generate 313 million metric tons of carbon dioxide every year, which is equivalent to the annual emissions of 66 million cars. To better understand your shoe’s carbon _________, let’s dive into the anatomy of a sneaker.

For ________, the heel, insole, _______, and upper _____ are usually made from synthetic textiles like _________, nylon, latex, and ____________. Mining the fossil fuels that make up these materials _____ tons of greenhouse gases. And processing those raw ingredients into synthetic textiles also uses a lot of energy, further compounding that pollution. Some _______ tops are made from natural sources like leather, but _______ this material relies on chromium; a carcinogenic chemical that can damage freshwater ecosystems.

Solution


  1. sneaker
  2. layer
  3. emits
  4. tanning
  5. footprint
  6. midsole
  7. polyester
  8. starters
  9. polyurethane

Original Text


Shoe manufacturing accounts for roughly one-fifth of the fashion industry’s carbon emissions. Sneakers alone generate 313 million metric tons of carbon dioxide every year, which is equivalent to the annual emissions of 66 million cars. To better understand your shoe’s carbon footprint, let’s dive into the anatomy of a sneaker.

For starters, the heel, insole, midsole, and upper layer are usually made from synthetic textiles like polyester, nylon, latex, and polyurethane. Mining the fossil fuels that make up these materials emits tons of greenhouse gases. And processing those raw ingredients into synthetic textiles also uses a lot of energy, further compounding that pollution. Some sneaker tops are made from natural sources like leather, but tanning this material relies on chromium; a carcinogenic chemical that can damage freshwater ecosystems.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
synthetic textiles 2
outer soles 2
natural rubber 2
typical sneaker 2
manufacturing processes 2


Important Words


  1. accounts
  2. anatomy
  3. annual
  4. carbon
  5. carcinogenic
  6. cars
  7. chemical
  8. compounding
  9. damage
  10. dioxide
  11. dive
  12. ecosystems
  13. emissions
  14. emits
  15. energy
  16. equivalent
  17. fashion
  18. footprint
  19. fossil
  20. freshwater
  21. fuels
  22. gases
  23. generate
  24. greenhouse
  25. heel
  26. ingredients
  27. insole
  28. latex
  29. layer
  30. leather
  31. lot
  32. manufacturing
  33. material
  34. materials
  35. metric
  36. midsole
  37. million
  38. mining
  39. natural
  40. nylon
  41. pollution
  42. polyester
  43. polyurethane
  44. processing
  45. raw
  46. relies
  47. roughly
  48. shoe
  49. sneaker
  50. sneakers
  51. sources
  52. starters
  53. synthetic
  54. tanning
  55. textiles
  56. tons
  57. tops
  58. understand
  59. upper
  60. year