full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Christina Warinner: Tracking ancient diseases using ... plaque

Unscramble the Blue Letters


The most important heltah challenges today are not caused by simple mutations in our genmoe, but rather result from a complex and dynamic interplay between geitenc variation, diet, microbes and parasites and our immune rnpsoese. All of these dsaesies have a strong evolutionary component that directly reeatls to the fact that we live today in a very different environment than the ones in which our bodies evolved. And in order to understand these diseases, we need to move past studies of the human genome alone and towards a more holistic approach to human health in the past.

But there are a lot of challenges for this. And first of all, what do we even sudty? stloneeks are ubiquitous; they're found all over the place. But of course, all of the soft tissue has deopmcsoed, and the skeleton itself has limited health information. Mummies are a great soucre of information, except that they're really geographically limited and limited in time as well. Coprolites are fossilized human feces, and they're actually extremely interesting. You can learn a lot about ancient diet and intestinal disease, but they are very rare.

Open Cloze


The most important ______ challenges today are not caused by simple mutations in our ______, but rather result from a complex and dynamic interplay between _______ variation, diet, microbes and parasites and our immune ________. All of these ________ have a strong evolutionary component that directly _______ to the fact that we live today in a very different environment than the ones in which our bodies evolved. And in order to understand these diseases, we need to move past studies of the human genome alone and towards a more holistic approach to human health in the past.

But there are a lot of challenges for this. And first of all, what do we even _____? _________ are ubiquitous; they're found all over the place. But of course, all of the soft tissue has __________, and the skeleton itself has limited health information. Mummies are a great ______ of information, except that they're really geographically limited and limited in time as well. Coprolites are fossilized human feces, and they're actually extremely interesting. You can learn a lot about ancient diet and intestinal disease, but they are very rare.

Solution


  1. genome
  2. relates
  3. decomposed
  4. source
  5. response
  6. health
  7. study
  8. skeletons
  9. diseases
  10. genetic

Original Text


The most important health challenges today are not caused by simple mutations in our genome, but rather result from a complex and dynamic interplay between genetic variation, diet, microbes and parasites and our immune response. All of these diseases have a strong evolutionary component that directly relates to the fact that we live today in a very different environment than the ones in which our bodies evolved. And in order to understand these diseases, we need to move past studies of the human genome alone and towards a more holistic approach to human health in the past.

But there are a lot of challenges for this. And first of all, what do we even study? Skeletons are ubiquitous; they're found all over the place. But of course, all of the soft tissue has decomposed, and the skeleton itself has limited health information. Mummies are a great source of information, except that they're really geographically limited and limited in time as well. Coprolites are fossilized human feces, and they're actually extremely interesting. You can learn a lot about ancient diet and intestinal disease, but they are very rare.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
dental calculus 4
human health 3
human genome 2
dynamic interplay 2


Important Words


  1. ancient
  2. approach
  3. bodies
  4. caused
  5. challenges
  6. complex
  7. component
  8. coprolites
  9. decomposed
  10. diet
  11. disease
  12. diseases
  13. dynamic
  14. environment
  15. evolutionary
  16. evolved
  17. extremely
  18. fact
  19. feces
  20. fossilized
  21. genetic
  22. genome
  23. geographically
  24. great
  25. health
  26. holistic
  27. human
  28. immune
  29. important
  30. information
  31. interesting
  32. interplay
  33. intestinal
  34. learn
  35. limited
  36. live
  37. lot
  38. microbes
  39. move
  40. mummies
  41. mutations
  42. order
  43. parasites
  44. place
  45. rare
  46. relates
  47. response
  48. result
  49. simple
  50. skeleton
  51. skeletons
  52. soft
  53. source
  54. strong
  55. studies
  56. study
  57. time
  58. tissue
  59. today
  60. understand
  61. variation