TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Krishna Sudhir: What happens during a heart attack?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

Approximately 7 miollin people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other polbemrs like strokes, is the world's leading kliler. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty dptioess, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that sulppy oayengtxed blood to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. eleltuvany, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in meituns, and a partially closed artery can become cleetopmly blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly dteairetroe in the acnsebe of treatment. The ijnerud muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rythhm might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is cseht pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abmoedn. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some plpoee experience nausea or shortness of brtaeh. spotmmys may be less pminernot in women and the elderly. For them, wneaseks and tiredness may be the main sangil. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which aetcffs the nerves that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a hitpasol. Taking aprsiin, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting wrsoe. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to measure the heart's electrical activity and a bolod test to assess heart muscle damage. The pnetiat is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart function. Heart atactk treatment is advancing, but prevention is vtial. gitecens and llyeitsfe factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and whiget loss all lower the risk of herat attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few tmies a week, doing both aeorbic actvtiiy and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and deeaitbs, will make heart akcttas less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be ibnvtialee. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important mcluse keeps on beating.

Open Cloze

Approximately 7 _______ people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other ________ like strokes, is the world's leading ______. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty ________, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that ______ __________ blood to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. __________, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in _______, and a partially closed artery can become __________ blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly ___________ in the _______ of treatment. The _______ muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its ______ might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is _____ pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or _______. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some ______ experience nausea or shortness of ______. ________ may be less _________ in women and the elderly. For them, ________ and tiredness may be the main ______. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which _______ the nerves that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a ________. Taking _______, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting _____. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to measure the heart's electrical activity and a _____ test to assess heart muscle damage. The _______ is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart function. Heart ______ treatment is advancing, but prevention is _____. ________ and _________ factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and ______ loss all lower the risk of _____ attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few _____ a week, doing both _______ ________ and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and ________, will make heart _______ less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be __________. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important ______ keeps on beating.

Solution

oxygenated
activity
people
chest
absence
patient
killer
weight
hospital
muscle
aerobic
completely
breath
heart
million
supply
genetics
worse
diabetes
lifestyle
problems
weakness
vital
symptoms
blood
aspirin
abdomen
inevitable
minutes
attack
prominent
eventually
deposits
times
rhythm
attacks
deteriorate
affects
signal
injured

Original Text

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes, is the world's leading killer. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty deposits, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people experience nausea or shortness of breath. Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, weakness and tiredness may be the main signal. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a hospital. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting worse. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to measure the heart's electrical activity and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage. The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart function. Heart attack treatment is advancing, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week, doing both aerobic activity and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
heart attack	8
heart attacks	5
blood flow	2
heart muscle	2

Important Words

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