full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Adam Carroll: What playing Monopoly with real money taught me about my kids--and humanity


Unscramble the Blue Letters


I recently completed an unsanctioned, unsupervised pclaiogshocyl experiment on my children, (Laughter) the pmreise of which was $10,000 in cash on the kitchen tblae and a sign next to it that said 'Don't touch the money yet!', and before I dive into it, you should know that we are a game-playing family. We play ball games, board gemas, dice games, card games, all sorts of games, but the games that my children love to play most are games like Monopoly, and when they play Monopoly, they play marathon games of Monopoly that last hours and huros over days of play. Each of my kids has a unuqie strategy and personality when they play Monopoly. My daughter, who is 11, she is always the dog. She plays entirely for Chance and Community cshet cards; (lheuagtr) you can say that she uses the 'luck' strategy. My 9-year-old son is always the car - a very strategic player. He buys all of the Railroads and all of the Utilities and then proceeds to put houses and hletos on the most expensive prropeties - very savvy. And then his younger brohter, who is seven, he buys everything that he lands on with no exception, which is fitting because he is the wrbelaorehw. Now, before I tell you how my experiment unfolded, I have to share an oovaeitsbrn that led me to the creation of it. One Monopoly marathon, Saturday morning, I was playing with my kids and noticed that they were all playing just outside of the rules of the game. So they were doing things like buying each other out of jail and lending each other money to buy properties, and I found myself going, 'Guys, this is not how this game is played!' to which they'd say, 'Dad, it's fine! We just want her on the board with us', or, 'He can pay me back at the end of the game, when he's flush with cash', and I'm thinking again, 'What am I teaching these kids?' So, I started watching how they were playing - listening to their banter, getting a feel for how they were making dncieisos - and I had this thought: 'What if they're playing this way because the money isn't real?' It's a concept I've been reading a lot about, lately, 'Financial abstraction', the notion that when money becomes more and more of an idea, less tangible and therefore more abstract, it changes the way we interact with it on a regular basis, and there's anecdotal evidence of abstraction everywhere around us. All you have to do is listen carefully to people who say, 'I loaned my child or gdalnchird the phone, and a month later, all these errant in-app charges showed up on my bill.' In 2014, Apple reimbursed cmtreouss for in-app purchases that were unapproved, mostly by children, to the tune of $32.5 million. This is in a US FTC sltetenmet. In the documentation, it said it was just too easy for kids to make an in-app purchase. The iareemnigs at Disney were charged with making the parks 'frictionless' - is what they called it - so they invested a billion dollars in a MagicBand. It's a wearable device that functions as your room key, your park tckeit, and your ID and wallet when you're on park property. So if your child wants a set of ears and a dssreet in the mgaic Kingdom, 'bibbidi-bobbidi-boo' - (Laughter) your vacation just cost a whole lot more, magically. Magically. lsatly, I had a conversation with some teenagers who told me that $100,000 a year really wasn't that much money. I said, 'Really? Why do you think that?' They said, 'Well, we both have $500,000 in our ATM machines on Grand thfet Auto', (Laughter) which is a very popular and somewhat sketchy viedo game. So as I'm playing with my kids and I'm watching them play, listening to them talk, I thghuot, 'What if the money were real on the table? Would they play differently?' And so I calculated quickly on the box, 'How much would it take in capital, in currency, to play a physical game of Monopoly with my kids so that they actually tangibly got to feel the money in their hands?' And I estimated, for four or five players, it's about $10,000. So one Friday, I soteppd at the bank, I got all the denioatniomns of bllis on a monoolpy board with the exception of a $500 bill - hard to get - and on Sunday, I rounded the family up for a high-stakes game of Monopoly, (Laughter) where the winner takes all. All of $20, by the way. All of $20. You have never seen kids' eyes light up the way mine did when I hdnaed each of them $1,500 in starter ctapial, and you have never seen anyone's eyes lhigt up like my wife's when I took it back on Monday. (Laughter) All of it. Our marathon game only lasted two and a half hours - far shorter and more strategic than most of the games they normally play. True to my hypothesis, two of my three kids actually pleayd differently; my daughter still played the 'luck' card. She was the first one bankrupted, (Laughter) and she hppilay rteired to the living room to read a book. My yengsout son, the wheelbarrow, did not buy everything he landed on; instead, he carefully calculated how many rolls away he was from one of his brother's properties and how much he would owe his brother if he landed on said property, and made his decisions based on that. In effect, having real money on the table and a cash prize at the end made him more conservative. And my mdldie son - very strategic - still bguhot all of the Railroads, still bought all of the Utilities, but did not buy Boardwalk and Park Place or Mayfair and Park Lane, but instead, he put hotels immediately on Oriental and Baltic Avenue, or Coventry and Leicester Square on the UK version. When I asked him why, in his own words, he said, 'Dad, they're just more affordable properties.' (Laughter) At which point, I cried a tear of pride. (Laughter) So he got it! In the end, my son fnhiiesd with 28 properties, more cash than he'd ever seen and held in his entire life, and he now knows the meaning of the phrase 'making it rain'. (Laughter) Look how happy he is, (Laughter) and how annoyed his brother and stiesr are. In the confines of my exrpeimnet, there is an idea worth sdeniaprg, and it is this: I believe kids today are being raised in a world where money is no longer real; it's actually an iiusolln, but it has very real consequences. Peter Drucker, famed leadership guru, said bkannig and finance industries tdoay are less about money and more about information, and yet young people today don't get that information; they don't get the ecixnpeeres of money, early on. Three researchers from the Centre for Creative Leadership, in a study done two dacdees ago that's been replicated many, many times, they interviewed over 200 executives in a report called 'Key events in executives' lives'. In this rpeort, they found that of the 200 top-level executives who were the top of their game, all of them had similar characteristics. One of them was that early on in their career, they had been thrust into a leadership role that required them to make decisions that had serious consequences. They also had a mtneor in place that helped them appreciate the lessons they were supposed to learn from those experiences. The study created a leadsrehip framework that said, in essence, that someone with potential, if given the onorpittpuy to engage in strategically relevant experiences and given the ability to learn the lessons from those experiences, would have a higher likelihood of success in their career in a leadership capacity. Now if you took that study framework and my $10,000 experiment and looked at it through the kaleidoscope, you would get a statement like this: if kids are given financially-relevant experiences in their life and someone is there to help them learn the lseonss from those experiences, they have a higher likelihood of achieving financial success later in life, and in my humble oonpiin, they need to have them early, and they need to have them often. We under this not-so-subtle societal shift in the way that we pay each other, today. It's emaeitstd there are trillions of dlaorls circling the globe in our global economy every single day, yet only four percent of that money is actually in coin or cncrurey. The rest is all digital, data paketcs, ones and zeroes, and today's digital-native youth - they don't see people paying with cash or cheques. In fact, if ever you're in a line, and someone in front pulls out their cuboeqehok to pay, you are liable to say to yourself, 'Really, a chequebook? This is going to take forever.' You're laughing because it's true. The currency of today is digital. Many of these kids equate spending with ceidrt and debit cards, with Google wlaelt and Paypal and Zap. All of these are what they equate spending to, and by the way, I am not pooh-poohing the tociaocgnlehl advancements in payment technology today - far from it. I think tokenisation and randomisation and biometrics are the wave of the future. The first time that I used Apple Pay, it was like showing the caveman fire. It was amazing. But what sepanpd me back to reality was hearing my son behind me say, 'I sure wish I had a phone so I could buy stuff.' (Laughter) You see, money, to a young person, is somewhat abcsratt, anyway, and when we further the abstraction by waving a mncabgaid or ptiutng our phone over a sensor and giving the thumbprint, all it does is further the astracoibtn. It's a repcie for fniacainl disaster later in life to the uneducated because, to a yonug person, they see mneoy as limitless because they have no concept of the backend until it comes around to bite them in the back end. I've seen this firsthand in my work with university students - young people who borrow and spend utolnd amounts of money, having no ceponct or usnadnriendtg of the increase in payments, the decrease in llyfesite, and the challenges they'll face later on. In the UK and the US, student debt is ballooning problem. In the US, we're at $1.2 trillion in student loan debt, second only to mortgage debt in the US. One in three snudttes is delinquent. One in five is in dufaelt. It's a huge pbrloem, and the reason that this is concerning for all of us as a goalbl economy is this: Dun & Bradstreet found that people spend 12 to 18 percent more when using credit cdars over cash. They have yet to do a study how much more we'll spend with a MagicBand or a phone, but I can imignae it would be 15 to 20 percent, or 18 to 25 peernct, and all you need to do is read the headlines in the newspapers and magazines across the world today. Places like The Guardian, The Washington Post, Fortune, Forbes - these are the headlines we're seeing: 'New ceumnosr debt reaching a seven-year high' in the UK, 'Consumer debt hitting an all-time high' in the US, 'Choking on credit card debt', 'The credit card debt crisis: the next economic domino'. It's what happens when people overspend and get in over their head with money. Unfortunately, The Money Charity says that in the UK right now, one pesorn every five minutes and three seconds is either declared insolvent or bankrupt. To put this into perspective, since I started speaking today, two people in this country have declared bankruptcy. In the UK, Demos.org says that Americans aged 25 to 34 have the second highest rate of baucrnpkty. 25-year-olds. Everyone's question should be, 'Why? Why is this happening?', and in my simplistic view, it is this: because the money they're spending isn't real - it's an abstraction. So to stem this tide with the next generation, we have to bring them up to understand that they are liinvg in a wrlod where they have to make very real money decisions, in a world money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences. Because I want your children and mine to be super successful financially, consider any of the following: If you are going to spend money on children, give them a set amount of money and let them spend it. Let them tangibly feel the money go through their hands. Let them succeed or fail with mnior consequences so that later in life, when they're making the major decisions, they utdnrensad there are major consequences that go along. For older kids, it's this: set a budgeted amount for school coelhts, spuplies and what-have-you, give them that amount, and when they are done spnindeg it, it's done. And here's the key; they get to spend it with your subtle guidance, your subtle mentorship, your subtle supervision, and whether you call it an allowance, you call it commission for crohes or you call it a weekly stipend, every sinlge child, from the age of five on up, needs to be given some tangible amount of money on a wlkeey basis so that they understand how to function in a cashless society someday. Better to teach the young the habit of snivag when they have a little bit of money to save than try to teach sgvnais when they have no money because they're in over their head. I met an American named José. He was a 20-year-old student at an American ueirvistny. He was the cilhd of two Cuban-born parents. At the age of 15, his pnrtaes told him, 'José, we will give you food, we will give you shelter and we will give you $50 a month, but the rest is up to you.' I asked him, 'What was that like?' He said, 'Clothing, toiletries, school supplies, entertainment, gas - it was all on me. I rseteend my parents for a year. But you know what? I realised it was the single best thing they could have ever done for me.' When I met José at 20, he was on a full-ride scholarship at the university he anteedtd. He had $20,000 saved in a savings account from working part-time in high school, and this kid exuded financial prowess and ubitnmaklase leadership potential. At the heart of my mgassee today is this: it does not take a $10,000 board game and it doesn't take cutting kids off financially to make a difference. The first step is, honestly, quite easy. It's about educating the next generation to make decisions in a world where money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences, and the raoesn it's so intamoprt for all of us, as a global society, to do this is this next generation coming up will inherit the global economy that we are handing to them, and we will precariously pacle it on their sduolrhes. We owe it to them to set them up for financial success. Thank you. (Applause) Thanks. (Applause)

Open Cloze


I recently completed an unsanctioned, unsupervised _____________ experiment on my children, (Laughter) the _______ of which was $10,000 in cash on the kitchen _____ and a sign next to it that said 'Don't touch the money yet!', and before I dive into it, you should know that we are a game-playing family. We play ball games, board _____, dice games, card games, all sorts of games, but the games that my children love to play most are games like Monopoly, and when they play Monopoly, they play marathon games of Monopoly that last hours and _____ over days of play. Each of my kids has a ______ strategy and personality when they play Monopoly. My daughter, who is 11, she is always the dog. She plays entirely for Chance and Community _____ cards; (________) you can say that she uses the 'luck' strategy. My 9-year-old son is always the car - a very strategic player. He buys all of the Railroads and all of the Utilities and then proceeds to put houses and ______ on the most expensive __________ - very savvy. And then his younger _______, who is seven, he buys everything that he lands on with no exception, which is fitting because he is the ___________. Now, before I tell you how my experiment unfolded, I have to share an ___________ that led me to the creation of it. One Monopoly marathon, Saturday morning, I was playing with my kids and noticed that they were all playing just outside of the rules of the game. So they were doing things like buying each other out of jail and lending each other money to buy properties, and I found myself going, 'Guys, this is not how this game is played!' to which they'd say, 'Dad, it's fine! We just want her on the board with us', or, 'He can pay me back at the end of the game, when he's flush with cash', and I'm thinking again, 'What am I teaching these kids?' So, I started watching how they were playing - listening to their banter, getting a feel for how they were making _________ - and I had this thought: 'What if they're playing this way because the money isn't real?' It's a concept I've been reading a lot about, lately, 'Financial abstraction', the notion that when money becomes more and more of an idea, less tangible and therefore more abstract, it changes the way we interact with it on a regular basis, and there's anecdotal evidence of abstraction everywhere around us. All you have to do is listen carefully to people who say, 'I loaned my child or __________ the phone, and a month later, all these errant in-app charges showed up on my bill.' In 2014, Apple reimbursed _________ for in-app purchases that were unapproved, mostly by children, to the tune of $32.5 million. This is in a US FTC __________. In the documentation, it said it was just too easy for kids to make an in-app purchase. The __________ at Disney were charged with making the parks 'frictionless' - is what they called it - so they invested a billion dollars in a MagicBand. It's a wearable device that functions as your room key, your park ______, and your ID and wallet when you're on park property. So if your child wants a set of ears and a _______ in the _____ Kingdom, 'bibbidi-bobbidi-boo' - (Laughter) your vacation just cost a whole lot more, magically. Magically. ______, I had a conversation with some teenagers who told me that $100,000 a year really wasn't that much money. I said, 'Really? Why do you think that?' They said, 'Well, we both have $500,000 in our ATM machines on Grand _____ Auto', (Laughter) which is a very popular and somewhat sketchy _____ game. So as I'm playing with my kids and I'm watching them play, listening to them talk, I _______, 'What if the money were real on the table? Would they play differently?' And so I calculated quickly on the box, 'How much would it take in capital, in currency, to play a physical game of Monopoly with my kids so that they actually tangibly got to feel the money in their hands?' And I estimated, for four or five players, it's about $10,000. So one Friday, I _______ at the bank, I got all the _____________ of _____ on a ________ board with the exception of a $500 bill - hard to get - and on Sunday, I rounded the family up for a high-stakes game of Monopoly, (Laughter) where the winner takes all. All of $20, by the way. All of $20. You have never seen kids' eyes light up the way mine did when I ______ each of them $1,500 in starter _______, and you have never seen anyone's eyes _____ up like my wife's when I took it back on Monday. (Laughter) All of it. Our marathon game only lasted two and a half hours - far shorter and more strategic than most of the games they normally play. True to my hypothesis, two of my three kids actually ______ differently; my daughter still played the 'luck' card. She was the first one bankrupted, (Laughter) and she _______ _______ to the living room to read a book. My ________ son, the wheelbarrow, did not buy everything he landed on; instead, he carefully calculated how many rolls away he was from one of his brother's properties and how much he would owe his brother if he landed on said property, and made his decisions based on that. In effect, having real money on the table and a cash prize at the end made him more conservative. And my ______ son - very strategic - still ______ all of the Railroads, still bought all of the Utilities, but did not buy Boardwalk and Park Place or Mayfair and Park Lane, but instead, he put hotels immediately on Oriental and Baltic Avenue, or Coventry and Leicester Square on the UK version. When I asked him why, in his own words, he said, 'Dad, they're just more affordable properties.' (Laughter) At which point, I cried a tear of pride. (Laughter) So he got it! In the end, my son ________ with 28 properties, more cash than he'd ever seen and held in his entire life, and he now knows the meaning of the phrase 'making it rain'. (Laughter) Look how happy he is, (Laughter) and how annoyed his brother and ______ are. In the confines of my __________, there is an idea worth _________, and it is this: I believe kids today are being raised in a world where money is no longer real; it's actually an ________, but it has very real consequences. Peter Drucker, famed leadership guru, said _______ and finance industries _____ are less about money and more about information, and yet young people today don't get that information; they don't get the ___________ of money, early on. Three researchers from the Centre for Creative Leadership, in a study done two _______ ago that's been replicated many, many times, they interviewed over 200 executives in a report called 'Key events in executives' lives'. In this ______, they found that of the 200 top-level executives who were the top of their game, all of them had similar characteristics. One of them was that early on in their career, they had been thrust into a leadership role that required them to make decisions that had serious consequences. They also had a ______ in place that helped them appreciate the lessons they were supposed to learn from those experiences. The study created a __________ framework that said, in essence, that someone with potential, if given the ___________ to engage in strategically relevant experiences and given the ability to learn the lessons from those experiences, would have a higher likelihood of success in their career in a leadership capacity. Now if you took that study framework and my $10,000 experiment and looked at it through the kaleidoscope, you would get a statement like this: if kids are given financially-relevant experiences in their life and someone is there to help them learn the _______ from those experiences, they have a higher likelihood of achieving financial success later in life, and in my humble _______, they need to have them early, and they need to have them often. We under this not-so-subtle societal shift in the way that we pay each other, today. It's _________ there are trillions of _______ circling the globe in our global economy every single day, yet only four percent of that money is actually in coin or ________. The rest is all digital, data _______, ones and zeroes, and today's digital-native youth - they don't see people paying with cash or cheques. In fact, if ever you're in a line, and someone in front pulls out their __________ to pay, you are liable to say to yourself, 'Really, a chequebook? This is going to take forever.' You're laughing because it's true. The currency of today is digital. Many of these kids equate spending with ______ and debit cards, with Google ______ and Paypal and Zap. All of these are what they equate spending to, and by the way, I am not pooh-poohing the _____________ advancements in payment technology today - far from it. I think tokenisation and randomisation and biometrics are the wave of the future. The first time that I used Apple Pay, it was like showing the caveman fire. It was amazing. But what _______ me back to reality was hearing my son behind me say, 'I sure wish I had a phone so I could buy stuff.' (Laughter) You see, money, to a young person, is somewhat ________, anyway, and when we further the abstraction by waving a _________ or _______ our phone over a sensor and giving the thumbprint, all it does is further the ___________. It's a ______ for _________ disaster later in life to the uneducated because, to a _____ person, they see _____ as limitless because they have no concept of the backend until it comes around to bite them in the back end. I've seen this firsthand in my work with university students - young people who borrow and spend ______ amounts of money, having no _______ or _____________ of the increase in payments, the decrease in _________, and the challenges they'll face later on. In the UK and the US, student debt is ballooning problem. In the US, we're at $1.2 trillion in student loan debt, second only to mortgage debt in the US. One in three ________ is delinquent. One in five is in _______. It's a huge _______, and the reason that this is concerning for all of us as a ______ economy is this: Dun & Bradstreet found that people spend 12 to 18 percent more when using credit _____ over cash. They have yet to do a study how much more we'll spend with a MagicBand or a phone, but I can _______ it would be 15 to 20 percent, or 18 to 25 _______, and all you need to do is read the headlines in the newspapers and magazines across the world today. Places like The Guardian, The Washington Post, Fortune, Forbes - these are the headlines we're seeing: 'New ________ debt reaching a seven-year high' in the UK, 'Consumer debt hitting an all-time high' in the US, 'Choking on credit card debt', 'The credit card debt crisis: the next economic domino'. It's what happens when people overspend and get in over their head with money. Unfortunately, The Money Charity says that in the UK right now, one ______ every five minutes and three seconds is either declared insolvent or bankrupt. To put this into perspective, since I started speaking today, two people in this country have declared bankruptcy. In the UK, Demos.org says that Americans aged 25 to 34 have the second highest rate of __________. 25-year-olds. Everyone's question should be, 'Why? Why is this happening?', and in my simplistic view, it is this: because the money they're spending isn't real - it's an abstraction. So to stem this tide with the next generation, we have to bring them up to understand that they are ______ in a _____ where they have to make very real money decisions, in a world money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences. Because I want your children and mine to be super successful financially, consider any of the following: If you are going to spend money on children, give them a set amount of money and let them spend it. Let them tangibly feel the money go through their hands. Let them succeed or fail with _____ consequences so that later in life, when they're making the major decisions, they __________ there are major consequences that go along. For older kids, it's this: set a budgeted amount for school _______, ________ and what-have-you, give them that amount, and when they are done ________ it, it's done. And here's the key; they get to spend it with your subtle guidance, your subtle mentorship, your subtle supervision, and whether you call it an allowance, you call it commission for ______ or you call it a weekly stipend, every ______ child, from the age of five on up, needs to be given some tangible amount of money on a ______ basis so that they understand how to function in a cashless society someday. Better to teach the young the habit of ______ when they have a little bit of money to save than try to teach _______ when they have no money because they're in over their head. I met an American named José. He was a 20-year-old student at an American __________. He was the _____ of two Cuban-born parents. At the age of 15, his _______ told him, 'José, we will give you food, we will give you shelter and we will give you $50 a month, but the rest is up to you.' I asked him, 'What was that like?' He said, 'Clothing, toiletries, school supplies, entertainment, gas - it was all on me. I ________ my parents for a year. But you know what? I realised it was the single best thing they could have ever done for me.' When I met José at 20, he was on a full-ride scholarship at the university he ________. He had $20,000 saved in a savings account from working part-time in high school, and this kid exuded financial prowess and ____________ leadership potential. At the heart of my _______ today is this: it does not take a $10,000 board game and it doesn't take cutting kids off financially to make a difference. The first step is, honestly, quite easy. It's about educating the next generation to make decisions in a world where money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences, and the ______ it's so _________ for all of us, as a global society, to do this is this next generation coming up will inherit the global economy that we are handing to them, and we will precariously _____ it on their _________. We owe it to them to set them up for financial success. Thank you. (Applause) Thanks. (Applause)

Solution


  1. handed
  2. chest
  3. capital
  4. young
  5. retired
  6. dollars
  7. cards
  8. understand
  9. happily
  10. chores
  11. lastly
  12. decisions
  13. spreading
  14. ticket
  15. youngest
  16. light
  17. monopoly
  18. today
  19. abstract
  20. spending
  21. sister
  22. snapped
  23. money
  24. finished
  25. person
  26. child
  27. mentor
  28. default
  29. currency
  30. understanding
  31. weekly
  32. middle
  33. settlement
  34. savings
  35. reason
  36. living
  37. magic
  38. report
  39. message
  40. table
  41. single
  42. saving
  43. untold
  44. bought
  45. unique
  46. shoulders
  47. bankruptcy
  48. estimated
  49. opinion
  50. lessons
  51. percent
  52. abstraction
  53. magicband
  54. played
  55. parents
  56. illusion
  57. thought
  58. theft
  59. hotels
  60. psychological
  61. brother
  62. packets
  63. lifestyle
  64. supplies
  65. grandchild
  66. credit
  67. minor
  68. imagineers
  69. consumer
  70. world
  71. financial
  72. video
  73. experiment
  74. customers
  75. clothes
  76. premise
  77. hours
  78. global
  79. games
  80. putting
  81. university
  82. imagine
  83. technological
  84. chequebook
  85. stopped
  86. problem
  87. recipe
  88. opportunity
  89. leadership
  90. students
  91. decades
  92. important
  93. resented
  94. observation
  95. concept
  96. banking
  97. wheelbarrow
  98. place
  99. denominations
  100. dessert
  101. bills
  102. laughter
  103. properties
  104. wallet
  105. unmistakable
  106. experiences
  107. attended

Original Text


I recently completed an unsanctioned, unsupervised psychological experiment on my children, (Laughter) the premise of which was $10,000 in cash on the kitchen table and a sign next to it that said 'Don't touch the money yet!', and before I dive into it, you should know that we are a game-playing family. We play ball games, board games, dice games, card games, all sorts of games, but the games that my children love to play most are games like Monopoly, and when they play Monopoly, they play marathon games of Monopoly that last hours and hours over days of play. Each of my kids has a unique strategy and personality when they play Monopoly. My daughter, who is 11, she is always the dog. She plays entirely for Chance and Community Chest cards; (Laughter) you can say that she uses the 'luck' strategy. My 9-year-old son is always the car - a very strategic player. He buys all of the Railroads and all of the Utilities and then proceeds to put houses and hotels on the most expensive properties - very savvy. And then his younger brother, who is seven, he buys everything that he lands on with no exception, which is fitting because he is the wheelbarrow. Now, before I tell you how my experiment unfolded, I have to share an observation that led me to the creation of it. One Monopoly marathon, Saturday morning, I was playing with my kids and noticed that they were all playing just outside of the rules of the game. So they were doing things like buying each other out of jail and lending each other money to buy properties, and I found myself going, 'Guys, this is not how this game is played!' to which they'd say, 'Dad, it's fine! We just want her on the board with us', or, 'He can pay me back at the end of the game, when he's flush with cash', and I'm thinking again, 'What am I teaching these kids?' So, I started watching how they were playing - listening to their banter, getting a feel for how they were making decisions - and I had this thought: 'What if they're playing this way because the money isn't real?' It's a concept I've been reading a lot about, lately, 'Financial abstraction', the notion that when money becomes more and more of an idea, less tangible and therefore more abstract, it changes the way we interact with it on a regular basis, and there's anecdotal evidence of abstraction everywhere around us. All you have to do is listen carefully to people who say, 'I loaned my child or grandchild the phone, and a month later, all these errant in-app charges showed up on my bill.' In 2014, Apple reimbursed customers for in-app purchases that were unapproved, mostly by children, to the tune of $32.5 million. This is in a US FTC settlement. In the documentation, it said it was just too easy for kids to make an in-app purchase. The Imagineers at Disney were charged with making the parks 'frictionless' - is what they called it - so they invested a billion dollars in a MagicBand. It's a wearable device that functions as your room key, your park ticket, and your ID and wallet when you're on park property. So if your child wants a set of ears and a dessert in the Magic Kingdom, 'bibbidi-bobbidi-boo' - (Laughter) your vacation just cost a whole lot more, magically. Magically. Lastly, I had a conversation with some teenagers who told me that $100,000 a year really wasn't that much money. I said, 'Really? Why do you think that?' They said, 'Well, we both have $500,000 in our ATM machines on Grand Theft Auto', (Laughter) which is a very popular and somewhat sketchy video game. So as I'm playing with my kids and I'm watching them play, listening to them talk, I thought, 'What if the money were real on the table? Would they play differently?' And so I calculated quickly on the box, 'How much would it take in capital, in currency, to play a physical game of Monopoly with my kids so that they actually tangibly got to feel the money in their hands?' And I estimated, for four or five players, it's about $10,000. So one Friday, I stopped at the bank, I got all the denominations of bills on a Monopoly board with the exception of a $500 bill - hard to get - and on Sunday, I rounded the family up for a high-stakes game of Monopoly, (Laughter) where the winner takes all. All of $20, by the way. All of $20. You have never seen kids' eyes light up the way mine did when I handed each of them $1,500 in starter capital, and you have never seen anyone's eyes light up like my wife's when I took it back on Monday. (Laughter) All of it. Our marathon game only lasted two and a half hours - far shorter and more strategic than most of the games they normally play. True to my hypothesis, two of my three kids actually played differently; my daughter still played the 'luck' card. She was the first one bankrupted, (Laughter) and she happily retired to the living room to read a book. My youngest son, the wheelbarrow, did not buy everything he landed on; instead, he carefully calculated how many rolls away he was from one of his brother's properties and how much he would owe his brother if he landed on said property, and made his decisions based on that. In effect, having real money on the table and a cash prize at the end made him more conservative. And my middle son - very strategic - still bought all of the Railroads, still bought all of the Utilities, but did not buy Boardwalk and Park Place or Mayfair and Park Lane, but instead, he put hotels immediately on Oriental and Baltic Avenue, or Coventry and Leicester Square on the UK version. When I asked him why, in his own words, he said, 'Dad, they're just more affordable properties.' (Laughter) At which point, I cried a tear of pride. (Laughter) So he got it! In the end, my son finished with 28 properties, more cash than he'd ever seen and held in his entire life, and he now knows the meaning of the phrase 'making it rain'. (Laughter) Look how happy he is, (Laughter) and how annoyed his brother and sister are. In the confines of my experiment, there is an idea worth spreading, and it is this: I believe kids today are being raised in a world where money is no longer real; it's actually an illusion, but it has very real consequences. Peter Drucker, famed leadership guru, said banking and finance industries today are less about money and more about information, and yet young people today don't get that information; they don't get the experiences of money, early on. Three researchers from the Centre for Creative Leadership, in a study done two decades ago that's been replicated many, many times, they interviewed over 200 executives in a report called 'Key events in executives' lives'. In this report, they found that of the 200 top-level executives who were the top of their game, all of them had similar characteristics. One of them was that early on in their career, they had been thrust into a leadership role that required them to make decisions that had serious consequences. They also had a mentor in place that helped them appreciate the lessons they were supposed to learn from those experiences. The study created a leadership framework that said, in essence, that someone with potential, if given the opportunity to engage in strategically relevant experiences and given the ability to learn the lessons from those experiences, would have a higher likelihood of success in their career in a leadership capacity. Now if you took that study framework and my $10,000 experiment and looked at it through the kaleidoscope, you would get a statement like this: if kids are given financially-relevant experiences in their life and someone is there to help them learn the lessons from those experiences, they have a higher likelihood of achieving financial success later in life, and in my humble opinion, they need to have them early, and they need to have them often. We under this not-so-subtle societal shift in the way that we pay each other, today. It's estimated there are trillions of dollars circling the globe in our global economy every single day, yet only four percent of that money is actually in coin or currency. The rest is all digital, data packets, ones and zeroes, and today's digital-native youth - they don't see people paying with cash or cheques. In fact, if ever you're in a line, and someone in front pulls out their chequebook to pay, you are liable to say to yourself, 'Really, a chequebook? This is going to take forever.' You're laughing because it's true. The currency of today is digital. Many of these kids equate spending with credit and debit cards, with Google Wallet and Paypal and Zap. All of these are what they equate spending to, and by the way, I am not pooh-poohing the technological advancements in payment technology today - far from it. I think tokenisation and randomisation and biometrics are the wave of the future. The first time that I used Apple Pay, it was like showing the caveman fire. It was amazing. But what snapped me back to reality was hearing my son behind me say, 'I sure wish I had a phone so I could buy stuff.' (Laughter) You see, money, to a young person, is somewhat abstract, anyway, and when we further the abstraction by waving a MagicBand or putting our phone over a sensor and giving the thumbprint, all it does is further the abstraction. It's a recipe for financial disaster later in life to the uneducated because, to a young person, they see money as limitless because they have no concept of the backend until it comes around to bite them in the back end. I've seen this firsthand in my work with university students - young people who borrow and spend untold amounts of money, having no concept or understanding of the increase in payments, the decrease in lifestyle, and the challenges they'll face later on. In the UK and the US, student debt is ballooning problem. In the US, we're at $1.2 trillion in student loan debt, second only to mortgage debt in the US. One in three students is delinquent. One in five is in default. It's a huge problem, and the reason that this is concerning for all of us as a global economy is this: Dun & Bradstreet found that people spend 12 to 18 percent more when using credit cards over cash. They have yet to do a study how much more we'll spend with a MagicBand or a phone, but I can imagine it would be 15 to 20 percent, or 18 to 25 percent, and all you need to do is read the headlines in the newspapers and magazines across the world today. Places like The Guardian, The Washington Post, Fortune, Forbes - these are the headlines we're seeing: 'New consumer debt reaching a seven-year high' in the UK, 'Consumer debt hitting an all-time high' in the US, 'Choking on credit card debt', 'The credit card debt crisis: the next economic domino'. It's what happens when people overspend and get in over their head with money. Unfortunately, The Money Charity says that in the UK right now, one person every five minutes and three seconds is either declared insolvent or bankrupt. To put this into perspective, since I started speaking today, two people in this country have declared bankruptcy. In the UK, Demos.org says that Americans aged 25 to 34 have the second highest rate of bankruptcy. 25-year-olds. Everyone's question should be, 'Why? Why is this happening?', and in my simplistic view, it is this: because the money they're spending isn't real - it's an abstraction. So to stem this tide with the next generation, we have to bring them up to understand that they are living in a world where they have to make very real money decisions, in a world money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences. Because I want your children and mine to be super successful financially, consider any of the following: If you are going to spend money on children, give them a set amount of money and let them spend it. Let them tangibly feel the money go through their hands. Let them succeed or fail with minor consequences so that later in life, when they're making the major decisions, they understand there are major consequences that go along. For older kids, it's this: set a budgeted amount for school clothes, supplies and what-have-you, give them that amount, and when they are done spending it, it's done. And here's the key; they get to spend it with your subtle guidance, your subtle mentorship, your subtle supervision, and whether you call it an allowance, you call it commission for chores or you call it a weekly stipend, every single child, from the age of five on up, needs to be given some tangible amount of money on a weekly basis so that they understand how to function in a cashless society someday. Better to teach the young the habit of saving when they have a little bit of money to save than try to teach savings when they have no money because they're in over their head. I met an American named José. He was a 20-year-old student at an American university. He was the child of two Cuban-born parents. At the age of 15, his parents told him, 'José, we will give you food, we will give you shelter and we will give you $50 a month, but the rest is up to you.' I asked him, 'What was that like?' He said, 'Clothing, toiletries, school supplies, entertainment, gas - it was all on me. I resented my parents for a year. But you know what? I realised it was the single best thing they could have ever done for me.' When I met José at 20, he was on a full-ride scholarship at the university he attended. He had $20,000 saved in a savings account from working part-time in high school, and this kid exuded financial prowess and unmistakable leadership potential. At the heart of my message today is this: it does not take a $10,000 board game and it doesn't take cutting kids off financially to make a difference. The first step is, honestly, quite easy. It's about educating the next generation to make decisions in a world where money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences, and the reason it's so important for all of us, as a global society, to do this is this next generation coming up will inherit the global economy that we are handing to them, and we will precariously place it on their shoulders. We owe it to them to set them up for financial success. Thank you. (Applause) Thanks. (Applause)

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations


ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
global economy 3
eyes light 2
real money 2
real consequences 2
young people 2
higher likelihood 2
financial success 2
equate spending 2
credit card 2



Important Words


  1. ability
  2. abstract
  3. abstraction
  4. account
  5. achieving
  6. advancements
  7. affordable
  8. age
  9. aged
  10. allowance
  11. amazing
  12. american
  13. americans
  14. amount
  15. amounts
  16. anecdotal
  17. annoyed
  18. applause
  19. apple
  20. asked
  21. atm
  22. attended
  23. avenue
  24. backend
  25. ball
  26. ballooning
  27. baltic
  28. bank
  29. banking
  30. bankrupt
  31. bankruptcy
  32. bankrupted
  33. banter
  34. based
  35. basis
  36. bill
  37. billion
  38. bills
  39. biometrics
  40. bit
  41. bite
  42. board
  43. boardwalk
  44. book
  45. borrow
  46. bought
  47. box
  48. bradstreet
  49. bring
  50. brother
  51. budgeted
  52. buy
  53. buying
  54. buys
  55. calculated
  56. call
  57. called
  58. capacity
  59. capital
  60. car
  61. card
  62. cards
  63. career
  64. carefully
  65. cash
  66. cashless
  67. caveman
  68. centre
  69. challenges
  70. chance
  71. characteristics
  72. charged
  73. charges
  74. charity
  75. chequebook
  76. cheques
  77. chest
  78. child
  79. children
  80. chores
  81. circling
  82. clothes
  83. coin
  84. coming
  85. commission
  86. community
  87. completed
  88. concept
  89. confines
  90. consequences
  91. conservative
  92. consumer
  93. conversation
  94. cost
  95. country
  96. coventry
  97. created
  98. creation
  99. creative
  100. credit
  101. cried
  102. currency
  103. customers
  104. cutting
  105. data
  106. daughter
  107. day
  108. days
  109. debit
  110. debt
  111. decades
  112. decisions
  113. declared
  114. decrease
  115. default
  116. delinquent
  117. demos
  118. denominations
  119. dessert
  120. device
  121. dice
  122. difference
  123. differently
  124. digital
  125. disaster
  126. disney
  127. dive
  128. documentation
  129. dog
  130. dollars
  131. drucker
  132. dun
  133. early
  134. ears
  135. easy
  136. economic
  137. economy
  138. educating
  139. effect
  140. engage
  141. entertainment
  142. entire
  143. equate
  144. errant
  145. essence
  146. estimated
  147. events
  148. evidence
  149. exception
  150. executives
  151. expensive
  152. experiences
  153. experiment
  154. exuded
  155. eyes
  156. face
  157. fact
  158. fail
  159. famed
  160. family
  161. feel
  162. finance
  163. financial
  164. financially
  165. finished
  166. fire
  167. firsthand
  168. fitting
  169. flush
  170. food
  171. forbes
  172. fortune
  173. framework
  174. friday
  175. front
  176. ftc
  177. function
  178. functions
  179. future
  180. game
  181. games
  182. gas
  183. generation
  184. give
  185. giving
  186. global
  187. globe
  188. google
  189. grand
  190. grandchild
  191. guardian
  192. guidance
  193. guru
  194. habit
  195. handed
  196. handing
  197. hands
  198. happening
  199. happily
  200. happy
  201. hard
  202. head
  203. headlines
  204. hearing
  205. heart
  206. held
  207. helped
  208. high
  209. higher
  210. highest
  211. hitting
  212. honestly
  213. hotels
  214. hours
  215. houses
  216. huge
  217. humble
  218. hypothesis
  219. id
  220. idea
  221. illusion
  222. imagine
  223. imagineers
  224. immediately
  225. important
  226. increase
  227. industries
  228. information
  229. inherit
  230. insolvent
  231. interact
  232. interviewed
  233. invested
  234. jail
  235. josé
  236. kaleidoscope
  237. key
  238. kid
  239. kids
  240. kingdom
  241. kitchen
  242. landed
  243. lands
  244. lane
  245. largely
  246. lasted
  247. lastly
  248. laughing
  249. laughter
  250. leadership
  251. learn
  252. led
  253. leicester
  254. lending
  255. lessons
  256. liable
  257. life
  258. lifestyle
  259. light
  260. likelihood
  261. limitless
  262. line
  263. listen
  264. listening
  265. living
  266. loan
  267. loaned
  268. longer
  269. looked
  270. lot
  271. love
  272. machines
  273. magazines
  274. magic
  275. magically
  276. magicband
  277. major
  278. making
  279. marathon
  280. mayfair
  281. meaning
  282. mentor
  283. mentorship
  284. message
  285. met
  286. middle
  287. million
  288. minor
  289. minutes
  290. monday
  291. money
  292. monopoly
  293. month
  294. morning
  295. mortgage
  296. named
  297. newspapers
  298. noticed
  299. notion
  300. observation
  301. older
  302. opinion
  303. opportunity
  304. org
  305. oriental
  306. overspend
  307. owe
  308. packets
  309. parents
  310. park
  311. parks
  312. pay
  313. paying
  314. payment
  315. payments
  316. paypal
  317. people
  318. percent
  319. person
  320. personality
  321. perspective
  322. peter
  323. phone
  324. phrase
  325. physical
  326. place
  327. places
  328. play
  329. played
  330. player
  331. players
  332. playing
  333. plays
  334. point
  335. popular
  336. post
  337. potential
  338. precariously
  339. premise
  340. pride
  341. prize
  342. problem
  343. proceeds
  344. properties
  345. property
  346. prowess
  347. psychological
  348. pulls
  349. purchase
  350. purchases
  351. put
  352. putting
  353. question
  354. quickly
  355. railroads
  356. raised
  357. randomisation
  358. rate
  359. reaching
  360. read
  361. reading
  362. real
  363. realised
  364. reality
  365. reason
  366. recipe
  367. regular
  368. reimbursed
  369. relevant
  370. replicated
  371. report
  372. required
  373. researchers
  374. resented
  375. rest
  376. retired
  377. role
  378. rolls
  379. room
  380. rounded
  381. rules
  382. saturday
  383. save
  384. saved
  385. saving
  386. savings
  387. savvy
  388. scholarship
  389. school
  390. seconds
  391. sensor
  392. set
  393. settlement
  394. share
  395. shelter
  396. shift
  397. shorter
  398. shoulders
  399. showed
  400. showing
  401. sign
  402. similar
  403. simplistic
  404. single
  405. sister
  406. sketchy
  407. snapped
  408. societal
  409. society
  410. son
  411. sorts
  412. speaking
  413. spend
  414. spending
  415. spreading
  416. square
  417. started
  418. starter
  419. statement
  420. stem
  421. step
  422. stipend
  423. stopped
  424. strategic
  425. strategically
  426. strategy
  427. student
  428. students
  429. study
  430. stuff
  431. subtle
  432. succeed
  433. success
  434. successful
  435. sunday
  436. super
  437. supervision
  438. supplies
  439. supposed
  440. table
  441. takes
  442. talk
  443. tangible
  444. tangibly
  445. teach
  446. teaching
  447. tear
  448. technological
  449. technology
  450. teenagers
  451. theft
  452. thinking
  453. thought
  454. thrust
  455. thumbprint
  456. ticket
  457. tide
  458. time
  459. times
  460. today
  461. toiletries
  462. tokenisation
  463. told
  464. top
  465. touch
  466. trillion
  467. trillions
  468. true
  469. tune
  470. uk
  471. unapproved
  472. understand
  473. understanding
  474. uneducated
  475. unfolded
  476. unique
  477. university
  478. unmistakable
  479. unsanctioned
  480. unsupervised
  481. untold
  482. utilities
  483. vacation
  484. version
  485. video
  486. view
  487. wallet
  488. washington
  489. watching
  490. wave
  491. waving
  492. wearable
  493. weekly
  494. wheelbarrow
  495. winner
  496. words
  497. work
  498. working
  499. world
  500. worth
  501. year
  502. young
  503. younger
  504. youngest
  505. youth
  506. zap
  507. zeroes