TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Clay Routledge: Why do we feel nostalgia?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

In the late 17th century, a midaecl student named jnoneahs Hofer noticed a strange illness affecting Swiss mniaeerecrs serving abroad. Its symptoms, including fatigue, insomnia, irregular heartbeat, indigestion, and fever were so strong, the sdrloeis often had to be discharged. As Hofer discovered, the cause was not some physical disturbance, but an intense yenrinag for their mountain homeland. He dubbed the condition nostalgia, from the Greek "nostos" for homecoming and "algos" for pain or longing. At first, nostalgia was consedried a particularly Swiss affliction. Some doctors proposed that the constant sunod of cowbells in the Alps caused turama to the ear dumrs and biarn. Commanders even forbade their soldiers from singing traditional Swiss songs for fear that they'd lead to desertion or suicide. But as migration increased worldwide, nostalgia was observed in various groups. It turned out that anyone separated from their native place for a long time was vulnerable to nostalgia. And by the elray 20th century, professionals no lgneor viewed it as a neurological disease, but as a mental condition similar to depression. Psychologists of the time speculated that it represented difficulties letting go of colhihodd, or even a longing to return to one's fetal state. But over the next few decades, the understanding of nostalgia chnegad in two important ways. Its mniaeng expanded from indicating homesickness to a general lgnoing for the past. And rather than an awful disease, it bagen to be seen as a poignant and pleasant eexrnepice. Perhaps the most famous example of this was captured by French author Marcel psurot. He described how tasting a madeleine cake he had not eaten since childhood triggered a cascade of warm and powerful sensory associations. So what caused such a major rrveaesl in our view of nostalgia? Part of it has to do with science. Psychology shifted away from pure theory and towards more careful and systematic eiamicprl observation. So pileaoorssnfs realized that many of the negative symptoms may have been simply correlated with nostalgia rather than caused by it. And, in fact, despite being a complex eoonmtial state that can include feigenls of loss and sedanss, nostalgia doesn't generally put plepoe in a negative mood. Instead, by allowing individuals to remember personally mfinaungel and rewarding experiences they shared with others, nostalgia can boost psychological well-being. Studies have shown that inducing nostalgia in people can help increase their feelings of self-esteem and social belonging, encourage psychological growth, and even make them act more charitably. So rather than being a cause of mental distress, nitglosaa can be a restorative way of cnipog with it. For instance, when people experience negative emotional stetas, they tend to ntlruaaly use nostalgia to reduce distress and restore well-being. Today, it seems that nostalgia is everywhere, partially because advertisers have discovered how powerful it is as a marketing technique. It's tempting to think of this as a sign of us being stuck in the past, but that's not really how nostalgia wkors. Instead, nostalgia helps us remember that our lives can have meaning and value, helping us find the coicfnnede and motivation to face the challenges of the furute.

Open Cloze

In the late 17th century, a _______ student named ________ Hofer noticed a strange illness affecting Swiss ___________ serving abroad. Its symptoms, including fatigue, insomnia, irregular heartbeat, indigestion, and fever were so strong, the ________ often had to be discharged. As Hofer discovered, the cause was not some physical disturbance, but an intense ________ for their mountain homeland. He dubbed the condition nostalgia, from the Greek "nostos" for homecoming and "algos" for pain or longing. At first, nostalgia was __________ a particularly Swiss affliction. Some doctors proposed that the constant _____ of cowbells in the Alps caused ______ to the ear _____ and _____. Commanders even forbade their soldiers from singing traditional Swiss songs for fear that they'd lead to desertion or suicide. But as migration increased worldwide, nostalgia was observed in various groups. It turned out that anyone separated from their native place for a long time was vulnerable to nostalgia. And by the _____ 20th century, professionals no ______ viewed it as a neurological disease, but as a mental condition similar to depression. Psychologists of the time speculated that it represented difficulties letting go of _________, or even a longing to return to one's fetal state. But over the next few decades, the understanding of nostalgia _______ in two important ways. Its _______ expanded from indicating homesickness to a general _______ for the past. And rather than an awful disease, it _____ to be seen as a poignant and pleasant __________. Perhaps the most famous example of this was captured by French author Marcel ______. He described how tasting a madeleine cake he had not eaten since childhood triggered a cascade of warm and powerful sensory associations. So what caused such a major ________ in our view of nostalgia? Part of it has to do with science. Psychology shifted away from pure theory and towards more careful and systematic _________ observation. So _____________ realized that many of the negative symptoms may have been simply correlated with nostalgia rather than caused by it. And, in fact, despite being a complex _________ state that can include ________ of loss and _______, nostalgia doesn't generally put ______ in a negative mood. Instead, by allowing individuals to remember personally __________ and rewarding experiences they shared with others, nostalgia can boost psychological well-being. Studies have shown that inducing nostalgia in people can help increase their feelings of self-esteem and social belonging, encourage psychological growth, and even make them act more charitably. So rather than being a cause of mental distress, _________ can be a restorative way of ______ with it. For instance, when people experience negative emotional ______, they tend to _________ use nostalgia to reduce distress and restore well-being. Today, it seems that nostalgia is everywhere, partially because advertisers have discovered how powerful it is as a marketing technique. It's tempting to think of this as a sign of us being stuck in the past, but that's not really how nostalgia _____. Instead, nostalgia helps us remember that our lives can have meaning and value, helping us find the __________ and motivation to face the challenges of the ______.

Solution

longing
changed
people
confidence
proust
mercenaries
trauma
feelings
experience
nostalgia
brain
medical
future
states
coping
longer
considered
professionals
naturally
works
began
emotional
yearning
drums
empirical
sadness
meaningful
soldiers
early
meaning
sound
johannes
childhood
reversal

Original Text

In the late 17th century, a medical student named Johannes Hofer noticed a strange illness affecting Swiss mercenaries serving abroad. Its symptoms, including fatigue, insomnia, irregular heartbeat, indigestion, and fever were so strong, the soldiers often had to be discharged. As Hofer discovered, the cause was not some physical disturbance, but an intense yearning for their mountain homeland. He dubbed the condition nostalgia, from the Greek "nostos" for homecoming and "algos" for pain or longing. At first, nostalgia was considered a particularly Swiss affliction. Some doctors proposed that the constant sound of cowbells in the Alps caused trauma to the ear drums and brain. Commanders even forbade their soldiers from singing traditional Swiss songs for fear that they'd lead to desertion or suicide. But as migration increased worldwide, nostalgia was observed in various groups. It turned out that anyone separated from their native place for a long time was vulnerable to nostalgia. And by the early 20th century, professionals no longer viewed it as a neurological disease, but as a mental condition similar to depression. Psychologists of the time speculated that it represented difficulties letting go of childhood, or even a longing to return to one's fetal state. But over the next few decades, the understanding of nostalgia changed in two important ways. Its meaning expanded from indicating homesickness to a general longing for the past. And rather than an awful disease, it began to be seen as a poignant and pleasant experience. Perhaps the most famous example of this was captured by French author Marcel Proust. He described how tasting a madeleine cake he had not eaten since childhood triggered a cascade of warm and powerful sensory associations. So what caused such a major reversal in our view of nostalgia? Part of it has to do with science. Psychology shifted away from pure theory and towards more careful and systematic empirical observation. So professionals realized that many of the negative symptoms may have been simply correlated with nostalgia rather than caused by it. And, in fact, despite being a complex emotional state that can include feelings of loss and sadness, nostalgia doesn't generally put people in a negative mood. Instead, by allowing individuals to remember personally meaningful and rewarding experiences they shared with others, nostalgia can boost psychological well-being. Studies have shown that inducing nostalgia in people can help increase their feelings of self-esteem and social belonging, encourage psychological growth, and even make them act more charitably. So rather than being a cause of mental distress, nostalgia can be a restorative way of coping with it. For instance, when people experience negative emotional states, they tend to naturally use nostalgia to reduce distress and restore well-being. Today, it seems that nostalgia is everywhere, partially because advertisers have discovered how powerful it is as a marketing technique. It's tempting to think of this as a sign of us being stuck in the past, but that's not really how nostalgia works. Instead, nostalgia helps us remember that our lives can have meaning and value, helping us find the confidence and motivation to face the challenges of the future.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

Important Words

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