TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Chris Fisher: Why we should archive everything on the planet

Unscramble the Blue Letters

The most astounding palce I've ever been is the Mosquitia rainforest in Honduras. I've done archaeological fieldwork all over the world, so I thought I knew what to expect venturing into the jungle, but I was wrong - for the first time in my life, I might add. (Laughter) First of all, it's freienzg. It's 90 degrees, but you're soaking wet from the himtdiuy, and the canopy of trees is so thick that sunlight never raheces the surface. You can't get dry. Immediately, I knew that I hadn't bouhrgt enough clothing. That first night, I kept fineleg things moving underneath my hammock, unknown creeuarts brsnuhig and poking against the thin nylon fabric. And I could barely sleep through all the noise. The jungle is loud. It's shockingly loud. It's like being downtown in a bustling city. As the night wore on, I became increasingly frustrated with my sleeplessness, knwnoig I had a full day ahead. When I flnilay got up at dawn, my sense of unseen things was all too real. There were hoofprints, paw prints, linear snake tracks everywhere. And what's even more shocking, we saw those same aamnlis in the daylight, and they were completely unafraid of us. They had no exniepcree with people. They had no reason to be afraid. As I walked towards the undocumented city, my reosan for being there, I realized that this was the only place that I'd ever been where I didn't see a single shred of psaitlc. That's how remote it was. Perhaps it's surprising to learn that there are still places on our planet that are so untouched by people, but it's true. There are still hundreds of plecas where people haven't stepped for centuries, or maybe forever. It's an awemsoe time to be an archaeologist. We have the tools and the tcnohogley to understand our planet like never before. And yet we're running out of time. The climate crisis threatens to destroy our ecological and cultural patrimony. I feel an urgency to my work that I didn't feel 20 years ago. How can we document everything before it's too late? I was trained as a traditional arooaisglhect using methodologies that have been around since the '50s. That all changed in July of 2009 in Michoacán, Mexico. I was studying the ancient Purépecha empire, which is a lesser known but equally important contemporary of the Aztec. Two wkees earlier, my team had documented an unknown settlement, so we were painstakingly mapping building foundations by hand - hundreds of them. Basic acrolhoaaecigl ptcorool is to find the edge of a settlement so you know what you're dealing with. And my graduate students convinced me to do just that. So I grabbed a couple of CLIF Bars, some water, a walkie, and I set out alone on foot, etiepxncg to encounter the edge in just a few minutes. A few minutes passed, and then an hour. Finally, I reached the other side of the malpais. Oh, there were ancient building foundations all the way across. It's a city? Oh, shit. (Laughter) It's a city. tnrus out that this smienlgey small settlement was actually an ancient ubarn megalopolis, 26 square kilometers in size, with as many building faonndituos as modern-day Manhattan, an archaeological seltetemnt so large that it would take me decades to survey fully, the entire rest of my career, which was exactly how I didn't want to spned the entire rest of my career ... (Laughter) sawntieg, exhausted, placating stressed-out graduate students ... (Laughter) toisnsg sparcs of PB&J sandwiches to frael dogs, which is pointless, by the way, because Mexican dogs really don't like peanut butter. (Laughter) Just the thohgut of it bored me to tears. So I returned home to crloaodo, and I poked my head through a colleague's door. Dude! There's got to be a better way! He asked if I had heard of this new technology called LiDAR - Light ditteeocn and Ranging. I looked it up. LiDAR involves shooting a dense grid of lsaer pesuls from an airplane to the ground's surface. What you end up with is a high resolution scan of the earth's surface and everything on it. It's not an image, but instead it's a dnsee, three dimensional plot of points. We had enough money in to scan, so we did just that. The company went to meicxo, they flew the LiDAR, and they sent back the data. Over the next several months, I learned to practice digital deforestation, filtering away trees, busrh and other vegetation to reveal the ancient cultural lcdapanse below. When I looked at my first vtsizilouaian, I began to cry, which I know comes as quite a shock to you given how manly I must seem. (Laughter) In just 45 mentuis of flying, the ladir had collected the same amount of data as what would have taken decades by hand: every house foundation, building, road and pyramid, inebrildce daeitl, representing the lives of thousands of ppolee who lived and loved and died in these spaces. And what's more, the quality of the data wasn't comparable to traditional archaeological research. It was much, much better. I knew that this technology would change the eintre felid of ahocagorely in the coming years. And it did. Our work came to the atotietnn of a gurop of filmmakers who were searching for a legendary lost city in Honduras. They flaied in their quest, but they instead documented an unknown culture now buried under a pristine wesldnires rainforest, using LiDAR. I agreed to help interpret their data, which is how I found myself deep in that miituosqa jungle, plastic-free and filled with curious animals. Our goal was to verify that the archaeological features we identified in our LiDAR were actually there on the ground, and they were. Eleven mtohns later, I returned with a crack team of archaeologists, sponsored by the naitonal Geographic Society and the Honduran government. In a month, we excavated over 400 objects from what we now call the City of the Jaguar. We felt a moral and ethical responsibility to protect the site as it was, but in the short time that we were there, things inevitably changed. The tiny gravel bar where we first landed our helicopter was gone. The brush had been cleared away and the teers were moved to create a large landing zone for several hterelipcos at once. Without it, after just one rainy season, the ancient canals that we had seen in our LiDAR scan were damaged or destroyed. And the Eden I described soon had a large clearing, central camp, lhitgs and an odutoor chapel. In other words, despite our best efforts to protect the site as it was, things changed. Our initial LiDAR scan of this City of the jaagur is the only record of this place as it existed just a few years ago. And broadly speaking, this is a problem for archaeologists. We can't study an area without changing it somehow, and regardless, the earth is changing. Archaeological sites are destroyed, history is lost. Just this year, we watched in horror as the Notre Dame Cathedral went up in flames. The iinocc spire collapsed, and the roof was all but destroyed. Miraculously, the art historian Andrew Tallon and colleagues scnnead the cathedral in 2010 using LiDAR. At the time, their goal was to understand how the building was constructed. Now, their LiDAR scan is the most comprehensive record of the cathedral, and it will prove ilvbunalae in the reconstruction. They couldn't have anticipated the fire or how their scan would be used, but we are lucky to have it. We take for gntread that our cultural and ecological panmitory will be around forever. It won't. Organizations like SCI-Arc and Virtual Wonders are doing incredible work to record the world's historic monuments, but nothing similar eistxs for the earth's lapescdans. We've lost 50 prnceet of our rainforest. We lose 18 million acres of forest every year. And rising sea levels will make cities, countries and continents completely unrecognizable. Unless we have a record of these places, no one in the future will know they existed. If the earth is the ttnaiic, we've struck the iceberg, everyone's on deck, and the orchestra is playing. The climate crisis threatens to dsetroy our cultural and ecological patrimony within decades. But sitting on our hands and doing nothing is not an option. Shouldn't we save everything we can on the lifeboats? (Applause) Looking at my scans from Honduras and Mexico, it's clear that we need to scan, scan, scan now as much as possible, while we still can. That's what ipserind the Earth Archive, an unprecedented scientific effort to LiDAR-scan the entire planet, starting with areas that are most tenheaterd. Its purpose is threefold. neumbr one: create a baseline record of the earth as it exists today to more effectively miaittge the climate crisis. To muerase cngahe, you need two sets of data: a before and an after. Right now, we don't have a high-resolution before-data set for much of the planet, so we can't measure change, and we can't evaluate which of our current efforts to cabomt the climate ciriss are making a positive ipmact. Number two: create a virtual planet so that any number of scientists can study our earth tadoy. Archaeologists like me can look for undocumented settlements. etlgocioss can study tree size, forest composition and age. Geologists can study hydrology, faults, disturbance. The possibilities are endless. Number three: preserve a record of the pnaelt for our grandchildren's grandchildren so they can reconstruct and study lost cuultarl patrimony in the future. As siccnee and technology advance, they'll apply new tools, algorithms, even AI to LiDAR scans done today and ask questions that we can't currently conceive of. Like Notre Dame, we can't imagine how these records will be used, but we know that they'll be crlciality important. The erath Archive is the ultimate gift to future gieeoratnns. Because the truth be told, I won't live long enough to see its full impact and neither will you. That's exactly why it's worth doing. The Earth aicrhve is a bet on the future of huintmay. It's a bet that together, collectively, as people and as scientists, that we'll face the climate crisis, and that we'll choose to do the right thing, not just for us today, but to honor those who came before us and to pay it forward to future generations who will carry on our legacy. Thank you. (aulsppae)

Open Cloze

The most astounding _____ I've ever been is the Mosquitia rainforest in Honduras. I've done archaeological fieldwork all over the world, so I thought I knew what to expect venturing into the jungle, but I was wrong - for the first time in my life, I might add. (Laughter) First of all, it's ________. It's 90 degrees, but you're soaking wet from the ________, and the canopy of trees is so thick that sunlight never _______ the surface. You can't get dry. Immediately, I knew that I hadn't _______ enough clothing. That first night, I kept _______ things moving underneath my hammock, unknown _________ ________ and poking against the thin nylon fabric. And I could barely sleep through all the noise. The jungle is loud. It's shockingly loud. It's like being downtown in a bustling city. As the night wore on, I became increasingly frustrated with my sleeplessness, _______ I had a full day ahead. When I _______ got up at dawn, my sense of unseen things was all too real. There were hoofprints, paw prints, linear snake tracks everywhere. And what's even more shocking, we saw those same _______ in the daylight, and they were completely unafraid of us. They had no __________ with people. They had no reason to be afraid. As I walked towards the undocumented city, my ______ for being there, I realized that this was the only place that I'd ever been where I didn't see a single shred of _______. That's how remote it was. Perhaps it's surprising to learn that there are still places on our planet that are so untouched by people, but it's true. There are still hundreds of ______ where people haven't stepped for centuries, or maybe forever. It's an _______ time to be an archaeologist. We have the tools and the __________ to understand our planet like never before. And yet we're running out of time. The climate crisis threatens to destroy our ecological and cultural patrimony. I feel an urgency to my work that I didn't feel 20 years ago. How can we document everything before it's too late? I was trained as a traditional _____________ using methodologies that have been around since the '50s. That all changed in July of 2009 in Michoacán, Mexico. I was studying the ancient Purépecha empire, which is a lesser known but equally important contemporary of the Aztec. Two _____ earlier, my team had documented an unknown settlement, so we were painstakingly mapping building foundations by hand - hundreds of them. Basic ______________ ________ is to find the edge of a settlement so you know what you're dealing with. And my graduate students convinced me to do just that. So I grabbed a couple of CLIF Bars, some water, a walkie, and I set out alone on foot, _________ to encounter the edge in just a few minutes. A few minutes passed, and then an hour. Finally, I reached the other side of the malpais. Oh, there were ancient building foundations all the way across. It's a city? Oh, shit. (Laughter) It's a city. _____ out that this _________ small settlement was actually an ancient _____ megalopolis, 26 square kilometers in size, with as many building ___________ as modern-day Manhattan, an archaeological __________ so large that it would take me decades to survey fully, the entire rest of my career, which was exactly how I didn't want to _____ the entire rest of my career ... (Laughter) ________, exhausted, placating stressed-out graduate students ... (Laughter) _______ ______ of PB&J sandwiches to _____ dogs, which is pointless, by the way, because Mexican dogs really don't like peanut butter. (Laughter) Just the _______ of it bored me to tears. So I returned home to ________, and I poked my head through a colleague's door. Dude! There's got to be a better way! He asked if I had heard of this new technology called LiDAR - Light _________ and Ranging. I looked it up. LiDAR involves shooting a dense grid of _____ ______ from an airplane to the ground's surface. What you end up with is a high resolution scan of the earth's surface and everything on it. It's not an image, but instead it's a _____, three dimensional plot of points. We had enough money in to scan, so we did just that. The company went to ______, they flew the LiDAR, and they sent back the data. Over the next several months, I learned to practice digital deforestation, filtering away trees, _____ and other vegetation to reveal the ancient cultural _________ below. When I looked at my first _____________, I began to cry, which I know comes as quite a shock to you given how manly I must seem. (Laughter) In just 45 _______ of flying, the _____ had collected the same amount of data as what would have taken decades by hand: every house foundation, building, road and pyramid, __________ ______, representing the lives of thousands of ______ who lived and loved and died in these spaces. And what's more, the quality of the data wasn't comparable to traditional archaeological research. It was much, much better. I knew that this technology would change the ______ _____ of ___________ in the coming years. And it did. Our work came to the _________ of a _____ of filmmakers who were searching for a legendary lost city in Honduras. They ______ in their quest, but they instead documented an unknown culture now buried under a pristine __________ rainforest, using LiDAR. I agreed to help interpret their data, which is how I found myself deep in that _________ jungle, plastic-free and filled with curious animals. Our goal was to verify that the archaeological features we identified in our LiDAR were actually there on the ground, and they were. Eleven ______ later, I returned with a crack team of archaeologists, sponsored by the ________ Geographic Society and the Honduran government. In a month, we excavated over 400 objects from what we now call the City of the Jaguar. We felt a moral and ethical responsibility to protect the site as it was, but in the short time that we were there, things inevitably changed. The tiny gravel bar where we first landed our helicopter was gone. The brush had been cleared away and the _____ were moved to create a large landing zone for several ___________ at once. Without it, after just one rainy season, the ancient canals that we had seen in our LiDAR scan were damaged or destroyed. And the Eden I described soon had a large clearing, central camp, ______ and an _______ chapel. In other words, despite our best efforts to protect the site as it was, things changed. Our initial LiDAR scan of this City of the ______ is the only record of this place as it existed just a few years ago. And broadly speaking, this is a problem for archaeologists. We can't study an area without changing it somehow, and regardless, the earth is changing. Archaeological sites are destroyed, history is lost. Just this year, we watched in horror as the Notre Dame Cathedral went up in flames. The ______ spire collapsed, and the roof was all but destroyed. Miraculously, the art historian Andrew Tallon and colleagues _______ the cathedral in 2010 using LiDAR. At the time, their goal was to understand how the building was constructed. Now, their LiDAR scan is the most comprehensive record of the cathedral, and it will prove __________ in the reconstruction. They couldn't have anticipated the fire or how their scan would be used, but we are lucky to have it. We take for _______ that our cultural and ecological _________ will be around forever. It won't. Organizations like SCI-Arc and Virtual Wonders are doing incredible work to record the world's historic monuments, but nothing similar ______ for the earth's __________. We've lost 50 _______ of our rainforest. We lose 18 million acres of forest every year. And rising sea levels will make cities, countries and continents completely unrecognizable. Unless we have a record of these places, no one in the future will know they existed. If the earth is the _______, we've struck the iceberg, everyone's on deck, and the orchestra is playing. The climate crisis threatens to _______ our cultural and ecological patrimony within decades. But sitting on our hands and doing nothing is not an option. Shouldn't we save everything we can on the lifeboats? (Applause) Looking at my scans from Honduras and Mexico, it's clear that we need to scan, scan, scan now as much as possible, while we still can. That's what ________ the Earth Archive, an unprecedented scientific effort to LiDAR-scan the entire planet, starting with areas that are most __________. Its purpose is threefold. ______ one: create a baseline record of the earth as it exists today to more effectively ________ the climate crisis. To _______ ______, you need two sets of data: a before and an after. Right now, we don't have a high-resolution before-data set for much of the planet, so we can't measure change, and we can't evaluate which of our current efforts to ______ the climate ______ are making a positive ______. Number two: create a virtual planet so that any number of scientists can study our earth _____. Archaeologists like me can look for undocumented settlements. __________ can study tree size, forest composition and age. Geologists can study hydrology, faults, disturbance. The possibilities are endless. Number three: preserve a record of the ______ for our grandchildren's grandchildren so they can reconstruct and study lost ________ patrimony in the future. As _______ and technology advance, they'll apply new tools, algorithms, even AI to LiDAR scans done today and ask questions that we can't currently conceive of. Like Notre Dame, we can't imagine how these records will be used, but we know that they'll be __________ important. The _____ Archive is the ultimate gift to future ___________. Because the truth be told, I won't live long enough to see its full impact and neither will you. That's exactly why it's worth doing. The Earth _______ is a bet on the future of ________. It's a bet that together, collectively, as people and as scientists, that we'll face the climate crisis, and that we'll choose to do the right thing, not just for us today, but to honor those who came before us and to pay it forward to future generations who will carry on our legacy. Thank you. (________)

Solution

incredible
finally
cultural
crisis
sweating
entire
knowing
creatures
laser
combat
visualization
today
detection
feeling
months
landscape
humanity
attention
brush
pulses
freezing
mexico
experience
ecologists
destroy
brought
settlement
science
planet
reason
helicopters
threatened
reaches
national
weeks
iconic
trees
inspired
animals
granted
critically
detail
change
titanic
archaeology
lidar
brushing
outdoor
lights
people
percent
field
jaguar
number
protocol
group
failed
archive
humidity
thought
dense
mosquitia
awesome
scanned
wilderness
minutes
turns
patrimony
applause
archaeological
landscapes
places
measure
generations
technology
foundations
tossing
expecting
feral
urban
impact
colorado
scraps
plastic
exists
mitigate
place
invaluable
earth
archaeologist
spend
seemingly

Original Text

The most astounding place I've ever been is the Mosquitia rainforest in Honduras. I've done archaeological fieldwork all over the world, so I thought I knew what to expect venturing into the jungle, but I was wrong - for the first time in my life, I might add. (Laughter) First of all, it's freezing. It's 90 degrees, but you're soaking wet from the humidity, and the canopy of trees is so thick that sunlight never reaches the surface. You can't get dry. Immediately, I knew that I hadn't brought enough clothing. That first night, I kept feeling things moving underneath my hammock, unknown creatures brushing and poking against the thin nylon fabric. And I could barely sleep through all the noise. The jungle is loud. It's shockingly loud. It's like being downtown in a bustling city. As the night wore on, I became increasingly frustrated with my sleeplessness, knowing I had a full day ahead. When I finally got up at dawn, my sense of unseen things was all too real. There were hoofprints, paw prints, linear snake tracks everywhere. And what's even more shocking, we saw those same animals in the daylight, and they were completely unafraid of us. They had no experience with people. They had no reason to be afraid. As I walked towards the undocumented city, my reason for being there, I realized that this was the only place that I'd ever been where I didn't see a single shred of plastic. That's how remote it was. Perhaps it's surprising to learn that there are still places on our planet that are so untouched by people, but it's true. There are still hundreds of places where people haven't stepped for centuries, or maybe forever. It's an awesome time to be an archaeologist. We have the tools and the technology to understand our planet like never before. And yet we're running out of time. The climate crisis threatens to destroy our ecological and cultural patrimony. I feel an urgency to my work that I didn't feel 20 years ago. How can we document everything before it's too late? I was trained as a traditional archaeologist using methodologies that have been around since the '50s. That all changed in July of 2009 in Michoacán, Mexico. I was studying the ancient Purépecha empire, which is a lesser known but equally important contemporary of the Aztec. Two weeks earlier, my team had documented an unknown settlement, so we were painstakingly mapping building foundations by hand - hundreds of them. Basic archaeological protocol is to find the edge of a settlement so you know what you're dealing with. And my graduate students convinced me to do just that. So I grabbed a couple of CLIF Bars, some water, a walkie, and I set out alone on foot, expecting to encounter the edge in just a few minutes. A few minutes passed, and then an hour. Finally, I reached the other side of the malpais. Oh, there were ancient building foundations all the way across. It's a city? Oh, shit. (Laughter) It's a city. Turns out that this seemingly small settlement was actually an ancient urban megalopolis, 26 square kilometers in size, with as many building foundations as modern-day Manhattan, an archaeological settlement so large that it would take me decades to survey fully, the entire rest of my career, which was exactly how I didn't want to spend the entire rest of my career ... (Laughter) sweating, exhausted, placating stressed-out graduate students ... (Laughter) tossing scraps of PB&J sandwiches to feral dogs, which is pointless, by the way, because Mexican dogs really don't like peanut butter. (Laughter) Just the thought of it bored me to tears. So I returned home to Colorado, and I poked my head through a colleague's door. Dude! There's got to be a better way! He asked if I had heard of this new technology called LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging. I looked it up. LiDAR involves shooting a dense grid of laser pulses from an airplane to the ground's surface. What you end up with is a high resolution scan of the earth's surface and everything on it. It's not an image, but instead it's a dense, three dimensional plot of points. We had enough money in to scan, so we did just that. The company went to Mexico, they flew the LiDAR, and they sent back the data. Over the next several months, I learned to practice digital deforestation, filtering away trees, brush and other vegetation to reveal the ancient cultural landscape below. When I looked at my first visualization, I began to cry, which I know comes as quite a shock to you given how manly I must seem. (Laughter) In just 45 minutes of flying, the LiDAR had collected the same amount of data as what would have taken decades by hand: every house foundation, building, road and pyramid, incredible detail, representing the lives of thousands of people who lived and loved and died in these spaces. And what's more, the quality of the data wasn't comparable to traditional archaeological research. It was much, much better. I knew that this technology would change the entire field of archaeology in the coming years. And it did. Our work came to the attention of a group of filmmakers who were searching for a legendary lost city in Honduras. They failed in their quest, but they instead documented an unknown culture now buried under a pristine wilderness rainforest, using LiDAR. I agreed to help interpret their data, which is how I found myself deep in that Mosquitia jungle, plastic-free and filled with curious animals. Our goal was to verify that the archaeological features we identified in our LiDAR were actually there on the ground, and they were. Eleven months later, I returned with a crack team of archaeologists, sponsored by the National Geographic Society and the Honduran government. In a month, we excavated over 400 objects from what we now call the City of the Jaguar. We felt a moral and ethical responsibility to protect the site as it was, but in the short time that we were there, things inevitably changed. The tiny gravel bar where we first landed our helicopter was gone. The brush had been cleared away and the trees were moved to create a large landing zone for several helicopters at once. Without it, after just one rainy season, the ancient canals that we had seen in our LiDAR scan were damaged or destroyed. And the Eden I described soon had a large clearing, central camp, lights and an outdoor chapel. In other words, despite our best efforts to protect the site as it was, things changed. Our initial LiDAR scan of this City of the Jaguar is the only record of this place as it existed just a few years ago. And broadly speaking, this is a problem for archaeologists. We can't study an area without changing it somehow, and regardless, the earth is changing. Archaeological sites are destroyed, history is lost. Just this year, we watched in horror as the Notre Dame Cathedral went up in flames. The iconic spire collapsed, and the roof was all but destroyed. Miraculously, the art historian Andrew Tallon and colleagues scanned the cathedral in 2010 using LiDAR. At the time, their goal was to understand how the building was constructed. Now, their LiDAR scan is the most comprehensive record of the cathedral, and it will prove invaluable in the reconstruction. They couldn't have anticipated the fire or how their scan would be used, but we are lucky to have it. We take for granted that our cultural and ecological patrimony will be around forever. It won't. Organizations like SCI-Arc and Virtual Wonders are doing incredible work to record the world's historic monuments, but nothing similar exists for the earth's landscapes. We've lost 50 percent of our rainforest. We lose 18 million acres of forest every year. And rising sea levels will make cities, countries and continents completely unrecognizable. Unless we have a record of these places, no one in the future will know they existed. If the earth is the Titanic, we've struck the iceberg, everyone's on deck, and the orchestra is playing. The climate crisis threatens to destroy our cultural and ecological patrimony within decades. But sitting on our hands and doing nothing is not an option. Shouldn't we save everything we can on the lifeboats? (Applause) Looking at my scans from Honduras and Mexico, it's clear that we need to scan, scan, scan now as much as possible, while we still can. That's what inspired the Earth Archive, an unprecedented scientific effort to LiDAR-scan the entire planet, starting with areas that are most threatened. Its purpose is threefold. Number one: create a baseline record of the earth as it exists today to more effectively mitigate the climate crisis. To measure change, you need two sets of data: a before and an after. Right now, we don't have a high-resolution before-data set for much of the planet, so we can't measure change, and we can't evaluate which of our current efforts to combat the climate crisis are making a positive impact. Number two: create a virtual planet so that any number of scientists can study our earth today. Archaeologists like me can look for undocumented settlements. Ecologists can study tree size, forest composition and age. Geologists can study hydrology, faults, disturbance. The possibilities are endless. Number three: preserve a record of the planet for our grandchildren's grandchildren so they can reconstruct and study lost cultural patrimony in the future. As science and technology advance, they'll apply new tools, algorithms, even AI to LiDAR scans done today and ask questions that we can't currently conceive of. Like Notre Dame, we can't imagine how these records will be used, but we know that they'll be critically important. The Earth Archive is the ultimate gift to future generations. Because the truth be told, I won't live long enough to see its full impact and neither will you. That's exactly why it's worth doing. The Earth Archive is a bet on the future of humanity. It's a bet that together, collectively, as people and as scientists, that we'll face the climate crisis, and that we'll choose to do the right thing, not just for us today, but to honor those who came before us and to pay it forward to future generations who will carry on our legacy. Thank you. (Applause)

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
climate crisis	4
building foundations	3
lidar scan	3
crisis threatens	2
cultural patrimony	2
graduate students	2
entire rest	2
ecological patrimony	2
earth archive	2
future generations	2

ngrams of length 3

collocation	frequency
climate crisis threatens	2

Important Words

acres
add
advance
afraid
age
agreed
ai
airplane
algorithms
amount
ancient
andrew
animals
anticipated
applause
apply
archaeological
archaeologist
archaeologists
archaeology
archive
area
areas
art
asked
astounding
attention
awesome
aztec
bar
barely
bars
baseline
basic
began
bet
bored
broadly
brought
brush
brushing
building
buried
bustling
butter
call
called
camp
canals
canopy
career
carry
cathedral
central
centuries
change
changed
changing
chapel
choose
cities
city
clear
cleared
clearing
clif
climate
clothing
collapsed
colleagues
collected
collectively
colorado
combat
coming
company
comparable
completely
composition
comprehensive
conceive
constructed
contemporary
continents
convinced
countries
couple
crack
create
creatures
crisis
critically
cry
cultural
culture
curious
current
damaged
dame
data
dawn
day
daylight
dealing
decades
deck
deep
deforestation
degrees
dense
destroy
destroyed
detail
detection
died
digital
dimensional
disturbance
document
documented
dogs
door
downtown
dry
earlier
earth
ecological
ecologists
eden
edge
effectively
effort
efforts
eleven
empire
encounter
endless
entire
equally
ethical
evaluate
excavated
exhausted
existed
exists
expect
expecting
experience
fabric
face
failed
faults
features
feel
feeling
felt
feral
field
fieldwork
filled
filmmakers
filtering
finally
find
fire
flames
flew
flying
foot
forest
foundation
foundations
freezing
frustrated
full
fully
future
generations
geographic
geologists
gift
goal
government
grabbed
graduate
grandchildren
granted
gravel
grid
ground
group
hammock
hand
hands
head
heard
helicopter
helicopters
high
historian
historic
history
home
honduran
honduras
honor
hoofprints
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