full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Jacy Reese Anthis: Why we should end animal agriculture
Unscramble the Blue Letters
one we can tkclae with the tools of Effective Altruism ... their grownig midesnt in chriaty, business and politics of using evidence-based rarseceh to find and ipmnelmet the most effective solutions to the world's biggest problems. The most powerful tool we have is innovation. The amazing thing is that we don't have to give up meat, dairy, or eggs to end animal farming. Think about it: what's meat? It's fat, protein, water and trace minerals. All these ingredients are readily available in the palnt kingdom. They're just not assembled in the architecture of meat. That's what a cow does. But a cow also does a lot of stuff we don't need. She grwos hair, teeth, bones. She walks around; she brehates, thinks, and feels. These extra processes mean that for every 10 calories of plant-based food we feed a farmed animal, we get around 1 calorie of meat in return. Even with the nutrient animal products are most known for, protein, for every 10 grams of plant-based, we get, at most, 2 grams of animal-based. So what if we assembled these indengteris ourselves with a more efefiicnt, ethical posecrs? That's the approach of caeimnops like Beyond Meat, Hungry Planet, and isopibmsle Foods. They've already succeeded in making a beef burger made from plants. Many consumers can't even tell the difference. Today, they're just perfecting that product and scaling up the process to lower costs and wdien dsittioubirn. In fact, the Beyond Burger pictured here is already available in Mississippi. But let's be cautious. What if consumers are really picky? What if they don't just want something that taests like animal meat, but something that is actually made from animal cells? Well, there's good news. Scientists and chefs have been wronkig on so-called clean meat, real meat made without the food safety and eithacl cost of animal slaughter. To do this, they take a small sample of cells from a living animal and place those cells in a cultivator, which looks like one of the big tanks at a beer brewery. Inside, the cells mix with the nutrients they need to grow in the same process that happens inside an animal's body, and voila! You can have your cow and eat beef too. (Laughter) But you might be thinking, "Not all beneficial technologies are widely adopted, right? So what if something goes wrong? What if the technology is fully developed, but perceived as just another food for vegetarians? Or what if an irresponsible company lets their product get contaminated, leading to a cascade of negative psers that cripples the industry?" With conventional meat, we see contamination scandals all the time, but for a young indtsury like clean meat, it could be ftaal. It's like self-driving cars, where the industry needs to be especially crueafl about collisions, despite having an overall better safety record. So what social change will we see on our way to an animal-free food system? The biggest one is a shift beyond the individual and towards institutional cnhgae. Like I said earlier, advocates have thus far focused heavily on one-by-one diet change, but I believe we'll see the biggest changes happen with changes to institutions like businesses, government, nonprofits and society as a whole. There's a lot of evidence that this strategy is more effective. Last year, I was at a protest, calling for a restaurant chain to reform its animal-welfare policies, just basic stuff, like choosing healthier breeds of chickens, or having windows in the chicken sheds. A pedestrian weakld up and teknhad me profusely for helping these poor animals. I told him he was welcome to join us, as bystanders sometimes do, and he said, "Oh no, no, no. I can't. I'm not a vegetarian." I insisted that he was welcome to join us without being vegetarian. We were just calling for better treatment for these animals. But he was unconvinced. He saw vegetarianism as a pereitsiurqe to hnpleig farmed animals because advocates have conflated the two for so long. If we had, instead, used an institutional framing, that bystander might have joined us and maybe become vegetarian along the way. This stgatery also helps people avoid what psychologists call "the collapse of compassion," the feeling of athapy that comes when we eonuenctr a big problem without clearly seeing the big solution. The institutional framing puts that sotuoiln, changing society as a whole, front and center in our messaging. This strategy is also well-evidenced by historical social movements, which is what I spend most of my time researching. Virtually no movements - from environmentalism, children's rights, aertvlsniay, feniimsm to antiwar movements - have succeeded with the heavy, individual focus that we see in the farmed-animal movement. Consumer advocacy like boycotts have succeeded when used as tools for inottstiianul change, but fleiad when treated as an end goal. We need to learn from the past. The second big change is a shift beyond opposition to factory farming alone and towards opposition to aanmil farming as whole. There's a lot of eedivcne for this strategy too. First, numerous investigations have shown that so-called humane farms are rarely humane in practice. The most picturesque farm I've ever been on was an award-winning California egg farm. But because of the farm's natural and organic policies, they didn't vacnctiae the birds or give them antibiotics, like factory farms do. This led to atrocious health. I saw many cases of Marek's, a highly ciutoognas disease that often leads to blindness and missing eyes; fluid blley, some birds with over a pound of fluid buildup inside their less than five-pound bodies; fungal infections; lice on almost all of them; and many birds cpeiplrd by eggs that had gotten stuck inside them on the way out. I've been dismayed that the ralteiy of these farms is nearly as bad as factory farming. While reduction in suffering is something we should applaud, and it can be a step towards abolition, the unmitigated sunrieffg is still a moral catastrophe. Second, simply the idea that there are humane ways to rsaie and kill animals for food is a huge ralocbodk, even if you just osppoe frocaty frmanig. Seventy-five pcreent of pepole think they usually eat meat from animals who were trteead humanely, but as we saw earlier, less than 1% of farmed animals actually live on non-factory farms. That's czray, right? Why are consumers so cunsfoed? Well, when we eat animals, there's a cognitive diosnacsne that cawls at us because deep down, we care about animals too. What seems to happen is that our subconscious protects us from this dissonance by creating a psychological refuge. It tlels us that, actually, everything is okay, that fmeard animals are treated well, even when the facts point in the opposite direction. This mistaken beelif protects us from the conflict between our vuales and our bhiveaor. And the misleading labels on animal products, like pictures of green pastures on cotrnas of factory farm eggs, exacerbate this issue. Finally, these farms are just too expensive to feed this hungry planet. So-called humane animal products are already several times the normal price. Many of us just can't afford that. And the demand on natuarl resources is just too much for this planet to bear, especially when we can get the same foods from more sustainable sources. Fortunately, the future is bright. Today, we're at an inflection point, where the moral reasons to change our food system are very compelling. tholnegcoy is on its way and excellent aletvitreans are already here, and advocates are wising up to more impactful seaittregs. It's ierndblciy empowering to have this watelh of evidence available, from history, psychology and elsewhere, to analyze using the effective altruism peeitrcsvpe. Ultimately, that evidence stgsegus that we can achieve a truly hamnue food system if we strive towards the end of animal farming. And public opinion is already a lot further along on this than you might think. Forty-seven percent of US adults already say they support a ban on slaughter houses. As we transition, as we align our food styesm with our values, we're going to see a sweeping change in the relationship between humans and the other inhabitants of this planet. Once we're no longer eating animals three times a day, we'll see a huge relief in cognitive dissonance that frees our conscience to exnpad our moral crlcie to not just farmed alimnas, but other populations like dogs and cats in shelters, animals used in cueirscs and entertainment, and the vast number of wild animals who also need our help. Today, we're laying the ftodnaioun for future social movements just as social mentvomes of the past laid the bocrdek we now stand on. Richard Branson predicted that the food system will be animal-free in just 30 years. It might take a little longer than that, but it's clear that huge change is coming. You can stand on the right side of history and play a role in this exciting movement, whether it's by starting a busnesis like a local restaurant or a clean-meat capmnoy, becoming an asticvit, making a donation, or simply sharing content on social media. You can, of course, also participate as a coiuncoss consumer, but keep in mind that your own diet choice is just one of many ways to have an impact. This is a time of unbridled eeimxntect and onoitpurtpy, as we look ahead at one of the next garet saciol movements. Humanity's moral circle will ctnionue to expand, but only if people like you and me take hold. Thank you. (Applause)
Open Cloze
one we can ______ with the tools of Effective Altruism ... their _______ _______ in _______, business and politics of using evidence-based ________ to find and _________ the most effective solutions to the world's biggest problems. The most powerful tool we have is innovation. The amazing thing is that we don't have to give up meat, dairy, or eggs to end animal farming. Think about it: what's meat? It's fat, protein, water and trace minerals. All these ingredients are readily available in the _____ kingdom. They're just not assembled in the architecture of meat. That's what a cow does. But a cow also does a lot of stuff we don't need. She _____ hair, teeth, bones. She walks around; she ________, thinks, and feels. These extra processes mean that for every 10 calories of plant-based food we feed a farmed animal, we get around 1 calorie of meat in return. Even with the nutrient animal products are most known for, protein, for every 10 grams of plant-based, we get, at most, 2 grams of animal-based. So what if we assembled these ___________ ourselves with a more _________, ethical _______? That's the approach of _________ like Beyond Meat, Hungry Planet, and __________ Foods. They've already succeeded in making a beef burger made from plants. Many consumers can't even tell the difference. Today, they're just perfecting that product and scaling up the process to lower costs and _____ ____________. In fact, the Beyond Burger pictured here is already available in Mississippi. But let's be cautious. What if consumers are really picky? What if they don't just want something that ______ like animal meat, but something that is actually made from animal cells? Well, there's good news. Scientists and chefs have been _______ on so-called clean meat, real meat made without the food safety and _______ cost of animal slaughter. To do this, they take a small sample of cells from a living animal and place those cells in a cultivator, which looks like one of the big tanks at a beer brewery. Inside, the cells mix with the nutrients they need to grow in the same process that happens inside an animal's body, and voila! You can have your cow and eat beef too. (Laughter) But you might be thinking, "Not all beneficial technologies are widely adopted, right? So what if something goes wrong? What if the technology is fully developed, but perceived as just another food for vegetarians? Or what if an irresponsible company lets their product get contaminated, leading to a cascade of negative _____ that cripples the industry?" With conventional meat, we see contamination scandals all the time, but for a young ________ like clean meat, it could be _____. It's like self-driving cars, where the industry needs to be especially _______ about collisions, despite having an overall better safety record. So what social change will we see on our way to an animal-free food system? The biggest one is a shift beyond the individual and towards institutional ______. Like I said earlier, advocates have thus far focused heavily on one-by-one diet change, but I believe we'll see the biggest changes happen with changes to institutions like businesses, government, nonprofits and society as a whole. There's a lot of evidence that this strategy is more effective. Last year, I was at a protest, calling for a restaurant chain to reform its animal-welfare policies, just basic stuff, like choosing healthier breeds of chickens, or having windows in the chicken sheds. A pedestrian ______ up and _______ me profusely for helping these poor animals. I told him he was welcome to join us, as bystanders sometimes do, and he said, "Oh no, no, no. I can't. I'm not a vegetarian." I insisted that he was welcome to join us without being vegetarian. We were just calling for better treatment for these animals. But he was unconvinced. He saw vegetarianism as a ____________ to _______ farmed animals because advocates have conflated the two for so long. If we had, instead, used an institutional framing, that bystander might have joined us and maybe become vegetarian along the way. This ________ also helps people avoid what psychologists call "the collapse of compassion," the feeling of ______ that comes when we _________ a big problem without clearly seeing the big solution. The institutional framing puts that ________, changing society as a whole, front and center in our messaging. This strategy is also well-evidenced by historical social movements, which is what I spend most of my time researching. Virtually no movements - from environmentalism, children's rights, ___________, ________ to antiwar movements - have succeeded with the heavy, individual focus that we see in the farmed-animal movement. Consumer advocacy like boycotts have succeeded when used as tools for _____________ change, but ______ when treated as an end goal. We need to learn from the past. The second big change is a shift beyond opposition to factory farming alone and towards opposition to ______ farming as whole. There's a lot of ________ for this strategy too. First, numerous investigations have shown that so-called humane farms are rarely humane in practice. The most picturesque farm I've ever been on was an award-winning California egg farm. But because of the farm's natural and organic policies, they didn't _________ the birds or give them antibiotics, like factory farms do. This led to atrocious health. I saw many cases of Marek's, a highly __________ disease that often leads to blindness and missing eyes; fluid _____, some birds with over a pound of fluid buildup inside their less than five-pound bodies; fungal infections; lice on almost all of them; and many birds ________ by eggs that had gotten stuck inside them on the way out. I've been dismayed that the _______ of these farms is nearly as bad as factory farming. While reduction in suffering is something we should applaud, and it can be a step towards abolition, the unmitigated _________ is still a moral catastrophe. Second, simply the idea that there are humane ways to _____ and kill animals for food is a huge _________, even if you just ______ _______ _______. Seventy-five _______ of ______ think they usually eat meat from animals who were _______ humanely, but as we saw earlier, less than 1% of farmed animals actually live on non-factory farms. That's _____, right? Why are consumers so ________? Well, when we eat animals, there's a cognitive __________ that _____ at us because deep down, we care about animals too. What seems to happen is that our subconscious protects us from this dissonance by creating a psychological refuge. It _____ us that, actually, everything is okay, that ______ animals are treated well, even when the facts point in the opposite direction. This mistaken ______ protects us from the conflict between our ______ and our ________. And the misleading labels on animal products, like pictures of green pastures on _______ of factory farm eggs, exacerbate this issue. Finally, these farms are just too expensive to feed this hungry planet. So-called humane animal products are already several times the normal price. Many of us just can't afford that. And the demand on _______ resources is just too much for this planet to bear, especially when we can get the same foods from more sustainable sources. Fortunately, the future is bright. Today, we're at an inflection point, where the moral reasons to change our food system are very compelling. __________ is on its way and excellent ____________ are already here, and advocates are wising up to more impactful __________. It's __________ empowering to have this ______ of evidence available, from history, psychology and elsewhere, to analyze using the effective altruism ___________. Ultimately, that evidence ________ that we can achieve a truly ______ food system if we strive towards the end of animal farming. And public opinion is already a lot further along on this than you might think. Forty-seven percent of US adults already say they support a ban on slaughter houses. As we transition, as we align our food ______ with our values, we're going to see a sweeping change in the relationship between humans and the other inhabitants of this planet. Once we're no longer eating animals three times a day, we'll see a huge relief in cognitive dissonance that frees our conscience to ______ our moral ______ to not just farmed _______, but other populations like dogs and cats in shelters, animals used in ________ and entertainment, and the vast number of wild animals who also need our help. Today, we're laying the __________ for future social movements just as social _________ of the past laid the _______ we now stand on. Richard Branson predicted that the food system will be animal-free in just 30 years. It might take a little longer than that, but it's clear that huge change is coming. You can stand on the right side of history and play a role in this exciting movement, whether it's by starting a ________ like a local restaurant or a clean-meat _______, becoming an ________, making a donation, or simply sharing content on social media. You can, of course, also participate as a _________ consumer, but keep in mind that your own diet choice is just one of many ways to have an impact. This is a time of unbridled __________ and ___________, as we look ahead at one of the next _____ ______ movements. Humanity's moral circle will ________ to expand, but only if people like you and me take hold. Thank you. (Applause)
Solution
- confused
- tells
- oppose
- widen
- suggests
- distribution
- vaccinate
- industry
- company
- raise
- incredibly
- foundation
- ingredients
- companies
- antislavery
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- roadblock
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- walked
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- farming
- animals
- crippled
- plant
- feminism
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- treated
- thanked
- wealth
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- percent
- conscious
- continue
- tastes
- failed
- animal
- encounter
- factory
- claws
- excitement
- prerequisite
- circle
- expand
- implement
- business
- suffering
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- behavior
- careful
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- process
- institutional
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- social
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- breathes
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- evidence
- bedrock
- strategy
- fatal
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- crazy
- natural
- cartons
- impossible
- tackle
- great
- system
- mindset
- dissonance
- circuses
- helping
- efficient
- ethical
- humane
Original Text
one we can tackle with the tools of Effective Altruism ... their growing mindset in charity, business and politics of using evidence-based research to find and implement the most effective solutions to the world's biggest problems. The most powerful tool we have is innovation. The amazing thing is that we don't have to give up meat, dairy, or eggs to end animal farming. Think about it: what's meat? It's fat, protein, water and trace minerals. All these ingredients are readily available in the plant kingdom. They're just not assembled in the architecture of meat. That's what a cow does. But a cow also does a lot of stuff we don't need. She grows hair, teeth, bones. She walks around; she breathes, thinks, and feels. These extra processes mean that for every 10 calories of plant-based food we feed a farmed animal, we get around 1 calorie of meat in return. Even with the nutrient animal products are most known for, protein, for every 10 grams of plant-based, we get, at most, 2 grams of animal-based. So what if we assembled these ingredients ourselves with a more efficient, ethical process? That's the approach of companies like Beyond Meat, Hungry Planet, and Impossible Foods. They've already succeeded in making a beef burger made from plants. Many consumers can't even tell the difference. Today, they're just perfecting that product and scaling up the process to lower costs and widen distribution. In fact, the Beyond Burger pictured here is already available in Mississippi. But let's be cautious. What if consumers are really picky? What if they don't just want something that tastes like animal meat, but something that is actually made from animal cells? Well, there's good news. Scientists and chefs have been working on so-called clean meat, real meat made without the food safety and ethical cost of animal slaughter. To do this, they take a small sample of cells from a living animal and place those cells in a cultivator, which looks like one of the big tanks at a beer brewery. Inside, the cells mix with the nutrients they need to grow in the same process that happens inside an animal's body, and voila! You can have your cow and eat beef too. (Laughter) But you might be thinking, "Not all beneficial technologies are widely adopted, right? So what if something goes wrong? What if the technology is fully developed, but perceived as just another food for vegetarians? Or what if an irresponsible company lets their product get contaminated, leading to a cascade of negative press that cripples the industry?" With conventional meat, we see contamination scandals all the time, but for a young industry like clean meat, it could be fatal. It's like self-driving cars, where the industry needs to be especially careful about collisions, despite having an overall better safety record. So what social change will we see on our way to an animal-free food system? The biggest one is a shift beyond the individual and towards institutional change. Like I said earlier, advocates have thus far focused heavily on one-by-one diet change, but I believe we'll see the biggest changes happen with changes to institutions like businesses, government, nonprofits and society as a whole. There's a lot of evidence that this strategy is more effective. Last year, I was at a protest, calling for a restaurant chain to reform its animal-welfare policies, just basic stuff, like choosing healthier breeds of chickens, or having windows in the chicken sheds. A pedestrian walked up and thanked me profusely for helping these poor animals. I told him he was welcome to join us, as bystanders sometimes do, and he said, "Oh no, no, no. I can't. I'm not a vegetarian." I insisted that he was welcome to join us without being vegetarian. We were just calling for better treatment for these animals. But he was unconvinced. He saw vegetarianism as a prerequisite to helping farmed animals because advocates have conflated the two for so long. If we had, instead, used an institutional framing, that bystander might have joined us and maybe become vegetarian along the way. This strategy also helps people avoid what psychologists call "the collapse of compassion," the feeling of apathy that comes when we encounter a big problem without clearly seeing the big solution. The institutional framing puts that solution, changing society as a whole, front and center in our messaging. This strategy is also well-evidenced by historical social movements, which is what I spend most of my time researching. Virtually no movements - from environmentalism, children's rights, antislavery, feminism to antiwar movements - have succeeded with the heavy, individual focus that we see in the farmed-animal movement. Consumer advocacy like boycotts have succeeded when used as tools for institutional change, but failed when treated as an end goal. We need to learn from the past. The second big change is a shift beyond opposition to factory farming alone and towards opposition to animal farming as whole. There's a lot of evidence for this strategy too. First, numerous investigations have shown that so-called humane farms are rarely humane in practice. The most picturesque farm I've ever been on was an award-winning California egg farm. But because of the farm's natural and organic policies, they didn't vaccinate the birds or give them antibiotics, like factory farms do. This led to atrocious health. I saw many cases of Marek's, a highly contagious disease that often leads to blindness and missing eyes; fluid belly, some birds with over a pound of fluid buildup inside their less than five-pound bodies; fungal infections; lice on almost all of them; and many birds crippled by eggs that had gotten stuck inside them on the way out. I've been dismayed that the reality of these farms is nearly as bad as factory farming. While reduction in suffering is something we should applaud, and it can be a step towards abolition, the unmitigated suffering is still a moral catastrophe. Second, simply the idea that there are humane ways to raise and kill animals for food is a huge roadblock, even if you just oppose factory farming. Seventy-five percent of people think they usually eat meat from animals who were treated humanely, but as we saw earlier, less than 1% of farmed animals actually live on non-factory farms. That's crazy, right? Why are consumers so confused? Well, when we eat animals, there's a cognitive dissonance that claws at us because deep down, we care about animals too. What seems to happen is that our subconscious protects us from this dissonance by creating a psychological refuge. It tells us that, actually, everything is okay, that farmed animals are treated well, even when the facts point in the opposite direction. This mistaken belief protects us from the conflict between our values and our behavior. And the misleading labels on animal products, like pictures of green pastures on cartons of factory farm eggs, exacerbate this issue. Finally, these farms are just too expensive to feed this hungry planet. So-called humane animal products are already several times the normal price. Many of us just can't afford that. And the demand on natural resources is just too much for this planet to bear, especially when we can get the same foods from more sustainable sources. Fortunately, the future is bright. Today, we're at an inflection point, where the moral reasons to change our food system are very compelling. Technology is on its way and excellent alternatives are already here, and advocates are wising up to more impactful strategies. It's incredibly empowering to have this wealth of evidence available, from history, psychology and elsewhere, to analyze using the effective altruism perspective. Ultimately, that evidence suggests that we can achieve a truly humane food system if we strive towards the end of animal farming. And public opinion is already a lot further along on this than you might think. Forty-seven percent of US adults already say they support a ban on slaughter houses. As we transition, as we align our food system with our values, we're going to see a sweeping change in the relationship between humans and the other inhabitants of this planet. Once we're no longer eating animals three times a day, we'll see a huge relief in cognitive dissonance that frees our conscience to expand our moral circle to not just farmed animals, but other populations like dogs and cats in shelters, animals used in circuses and entertainment, and the vast number of wild animals who also need our help. Today, we're laying the foundation for future social movements just as social movements of the past laid the bedrock we now stand on. Richard Branson predicted that the food system will be animal-free in just 30 years. It might take a little longer than that, but it's clear that huge change is coming. You can stand on the right side of history and play a role in this exciting movement, whether it's by starting a business like a local restaurant or a clean-meat company, becoming an activist, making a donation, or simply sharing content on social media. You can, of course, also participate as a conscious consumer, but keep in mind that your own diet choice is just one of many ways to have an impact. This is a time of unbridled excitement and opportunity, as we look ahead at one of the next great social movements. Humanity's moral circle will continue to expand, but only if people like you and me take hold. Thank you. (Applause)
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
ngrams of length 2
collocation |
frequency |
animal farming |
6 |
food system |
6 |
farmed animals |
6 |
factory farming |
4 |
social movements |
3 |
green pastures |
2 |
factory farms |
2 |
natural resources |
2 |
effective altruism |
2 |
animal products |
2 |
cognitive dissonance |
2 |
moral circle |
2 |
Important Words
- abolition
- achieve
- activist
- adopted
- adults
- advocacy
- advocates
- afford
- align
- alternatives
- altruism
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- animal
- animals
- antibiotics
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- applause
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- ban
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- california
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- calling
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- care
- careful
- cars
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- contamination
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- disease
- dismayed
- dissonance
- distribution
- dogs
- donation
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- eating
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- egg
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- learn
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- profusely
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- protest
- psychological
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- psychology
- public
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- readily
- real
- reality
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- record
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- reform
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- relationship
- relief
- research
- researching
- resources
- restaurant
- return
- richard
- rights
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- side
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- spend
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- succeeded
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- teeth
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- thanked
- thinking
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- time
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- today
- told
- tool
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- trace
- transition
- treated
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- ultimately
- unbridled
- unconvinced
- unmitigated
- vaccinate
- values
- vast
- vegetarian
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- vegetarians
- virtually
- walked
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- widely
- widen
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- wrong
- year
- years
- young