Answer Key to Warder's 'Introduction to Pali'
Exercises 1-21
by
John Kelly

Editor's note

This answer key will be an invaluable aid to the beginning student who is teaching him- or herself Pali from A.K. Warder's Introduction to Pali (3 rd edition) (Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1991). In addition to giving detailed answers to the exercises, Kelly includes (for exercises 4 onwards) the references to the sutta passages in the Digha Nikaya from which the exercises were drawn. He has also corrected a number of errors in Warder's own references.

Sutta references follow the PTS numbering convention. For example, D.II.85 refers to volume 2, page 85 of the PTS Pali edition of the Digha Nikaya. The numbers that follow (e.g., xvi.1.22) refer to the sutta, paragraph, and sub-paragraph numbers. This numbering scheme is used both in the PTS Pali edition and in Maurice Walshe's The Long Discourses of the Buddha (Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1987). Comparisons between the two editions are thus easily made.

Each line in the answers below has three parts: the original text to be translated (English or Pali, in bold ), followed by a literal translation, and concluding with a more idiomatic and fluent translation. Pali text is represented here using the Velthuis convention . To wit: long vowels are doubled (aa, ii, uu) and punctuation preceding a consonant is used to indicate a diacritic mark. For example, the cerebral "t" ("t-with-a-dot-under-it") is written as ".t"; the palatal "n" ("n-with-a-tilde-over-it") is written as "~n"; and so on.

For another take on the English-to-Pali Exercises, see the Pali Text Society's answers to English-to-Pali Exercises 7-30 <http://www.palitext.com/subpages/intropali.htm>.

— ed., Access to Insight

Exercise 1 (p. 15)

Pali into English

tathaagato bhaasati "thus-gone" / speaks The "thus-gone" speaks.
upaasako pucchati lay disciple / asks The lay disciple asks.
puriso eva.m vadati person / thus / speaks The person speaks thus.
devo amanusso hoti god / non-human / is The god is a non-human.
eva.m vadami thus / I say I say this.
khattiyo pakkamati warrior / leaves The warrior leaves.
mahaamatto nisiidati minister / sits down The minister sits down.
sama.no tathaagato hoti ascetic / "thus-gone" / is The ascetic is the Tathagata.
putto upaasako passati son / lay disciple / sees The son (who is) a lay disciple sees.
braahma.no upasa.mkamati Brahmin / approaches The Brahmin approaches.
manusso jiivati human / lives The human lives.
eva.m vadanti thus / they say They say this.

English into Pali

The man speaks puriso / vadati puriso vadati
The ascetic is "thus-gone" sama.no / hoti / tathaagato sama.no tathaagato hoti
The priest goes away braahma.no / pakkamati braahma.no pakkamati
The god says so devo / vadati / eva.m devo eva.m vadati
There is a time hoti / samayo samayo hoti
The son sits down putto / nisiidati putto nisiidati
The minister is a priest mahaamatto / hoti / braahmano mahaamatto braahmano hoti
The noble approaches khattiyo / upasa.mkamati khattiyo upasa.mkamati
The god dies devo / cavati devo cavati
You say so (sing.) vadasi / eva.m eva.m vadasi
You say so (pl.) vadatha / eva.m eva.m vadatha
We say so vadaama / eva.m eva.m vadaama

Exercise 2 (pp. 19-20)

Pali into English

sugato dhamma.m bhaasati "well-gone" / doctrine / speaks The "well-gone" speaks the doctrine.
upaasako patta.m aaharati lay disciple / bowl / brings The lay disciple brings the bowl.
manussaa bhava.m icchanti humans / existence / wish for Humans wish for existence.
gaama.m gacchaama to the village / we go We go to the village.
sama.no aagacchati ascetic / comes The ascetic comes.
tathaagato sugato hoti "thus-gone" / "well-gone" / is The "thus-gone" is the "well-gone."
braahma.no purise pucchati Brahmin / people / asks The Brahmin asks the people.
devaa cavanti gods / die The gods die.
vaada.m vadanti statement / they speak They utter the statement.
puttaa pabbajanti sons / go forth The sons go forth.
satto ti.t.thati being / stays The being stays.
sama.ne attha.m pucchanti ascetics / meaning / they ask They ask the ascetics the meaning.

English into Pali

They go to the minister gacchanti / mahaamatta.m mahaamatta.m gacchanti
The men see the ministers purisaa / passanti / mahaamatte purisaa mahaamatte passanti
The god, who is not a human being, approaches the "thus-gone" devo amanusso / upasa.mkamati / tathaagata.m devo amanusso tathaagata.m upasa.mkamati
You ask the philosopher about the doctrine pucchasi / sama.na.m / dhamma.m sama.na.m dhamma.m pucchasi
We ask the philosopher who is "well-gone" pucchaama / sama.na.m / sugata.m sama.na.m sugata.m pucchaama
The "thus-gone" gives up negligence tathaagato / pajahati / pamaada.m tathaagato pamaada.m pajahati
The lay disciples enter the village upaasakaa / pavisanti / gaama.m upaasakaa gaama.m pavisanti
he ascetics meditate sama.naa / jhaayanti sama.naa jhaayanti
The substance remains kaayo / ti.t.thati kaayo ti.t.thati
He reaches the top phusati / agga.m agga.m phusati
We ask the philosopher the meaning pucchaama / sama.na.m / attha.m sama.na.m attha.m pucchaama
He gives alms deti (dadaati) / pi.n.da.m pi.n.da.m deti (dadaati)

Exercise 3 (pp. 22-23)

Pali into English

bhagavaa dhamma.m deseti the Blessed One / the doctrine / teaches The Blessed One teaches the doctrine.
raajaana.m va~ncesi the king / you deceive You deceive the king.
upaasaka.m braahmana.m dhaareti the Brahmin / a lay follower / he accepts He accepts the Brahmin as a lay follower.
raajaa purise aamanteti the king / the people / addresses The king addresses the people.
braahma.no brahmaana.m passati the Brahmin / God (Brahma) / sees The Brahmin sees God (Brahma).
raajaa khattiyo mahaamatta.m pucchati the king / a noble / the minister / asks The king who is a noble asks the minister.
braahma.naa raajaana.m vadanti the Brahmins / (to) the king / speak The Brahmins speak to the king.
puriso bhaara.m cha.d.deti the man / the load / abandons The man abandons the load.
eva.m kathenti thus / they relate Thus do they relate.
kaala.m paccaya.m pa~n~naapenti time / the cause / they declare They declare time as the cause.

English into Pali

The lay disciples salute the fortunate one upaasakaa / abhivaadenti / bhagavanta.m upaasakaa bhagavanta.m abhivaadenti
He binds the hands bandhati / hatthe hatthe bandhati
I experience the result pa.tisa.mvedemi / vipaaka.m vipaaka.m pa.tisa.mvedemi
The king addresses the priest raajaa / aamanteti / braahma.na.m raajaa braahma.na.m aamanteti
The priest who is minister speaks thus to the fortunate one braahma.no / mahaamatto / vadati / eva.m / bhagavanta.m braahma.no mahaamatto bhagavanta.m eva.m vadati
Existence is the condition bhavo / paccayo bhavo paccayo
He remembers the meaning dhaareti / attha.m attha.m dhaareti
The fortunate one dresses bhagavaa / nivaaseti bhagavaa nivaaseti
The gods discuss the matter devaa attha.m mantenti devaa / mantenti / attha.m
The fortunate one asks the king bhagavaa / pucchati / raajaana.m bhagavaa raajaana.m pucchati
He enters the dwelling pavisati / vihaara.m vihaara.m pavisati
You rebut the argument nibbe.thesi / vaada.m vaada.m nibbe.thesi
The king takes counsel raajaa / manteti raajaa manteti
He renounces gain pajahati / laabha.m laabha.m pajahati/td

Exercise 4 (pp. 27-28)

Pali into English

upaasakaa nisiidi.msu lay-followers / sat down The lay-followers sat down [D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.22]
bhutaapubba.m raajaa Disampati naama ahosi. Re.nu naama in the past / king / Disampati / by name / there was / Renu / by name At one time there was a king named Disampati. The prince named
kumaaro putto ahosi. Govindo naama braahma.no purohito prince / son / was / Govinda / by name / Brahmin / prime minister Renu was his son. The prime minister was a Brahmin named
ahosi. Jotipaalo naama maa.navo putto ahosi. was / Jotipala / by name / young Brahmin / son / was Govinda. The young Brahmin named Jotipala was his son.
Re.nu ca raajaputto Jotipaalo ca maa.navo sahayaa ahesu.m. Renu / and / prince / Jotipala / and / young Brahmin / friends / were Prince Renu and the young Brahmin Jotipala were friends.
atha kho Govindo braahma.no kaala.m akaasi. then / indeed / Govinda / the Brahmin / time made (died) Then Govinda the Brahmin died.
Raajaa Disampati paridevesi king / Disampati / grieved King Disampati grieved. [D.II.230-231 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).29]
eva.m tadaa aasi thus / then / it was This is how it was. [D.I.143 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).21]

English into Pali

The priest went away braahma.no / pakkaami braahma.no pakkaami
The fortunate one entered the village bhagavaa / paavisi / gaama.m bhagavaa gaama.m paavisi
The son was called Uttara putto / ahosi / naama / Uttaro Uttaro naama putto ahosi
The fortunate one addressed Ananda bhagavaa / aamantesi / Aananda.m bhagavaa Aananda.m aamantesi
I have taught the doctrine desesi.m / dhamma.m dhamma.m desesi.m
The nobles approached the prince khattiyaa / upasa.mkami.msu / raajaputta.m khattiyaa raajaputta.m upasa.mkami.msu
I spoke thus abhaasi.m / eva.m eva.m abhaasi.m
The prince went forth raajaputto / pabbaji raajaputto pabbaji

Exercise 5 (pp. 33-34)

Pali into English

Re.nu raajaputto raajaana.m Disampati.m etad avoca. Renu / prince / king / Disampati / this / said Prince Renu said this to King Disampati:
maa kho tva.m deva paridevesi. do not / indeed / you / lord / you grieve "Do not grieve, lord."
atthi deva Jotipaalo naama maa.navo putto ti. there is / lord / Jotipala / by name / young Brahmin / son / (end-quote) There is, lord, a young Brahmin named Jotipala who is his son."
atha kho raajaa Disampati purisa.m aamantesi. then / indeed / King / Disampati / a man / addressed Then King Disampati addressed a man. [D.II.231 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).29-30]
aha.m ime dhamme desesi.m I / these / doctrines / preached I preached these doctrines. [D.II.75 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.5]
raajaa khattiyo ta.m purisa.m etad avoca king / noble / that / man / this / he said The king who was a noble spoke thus to that man. [D.III.65 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).10]
maa sama.na.m upasa.mkami do not / recluse / approach Do not approach the recluse. [D.I.129 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).6]
aha.m purohito braahma.no ahosi.m I / prime minister / Brahmin /was I was the Brahmin who was prime minister. [D.I.143 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).21]
aha.m asmi brahmaa issaro I am / God / lord I am the lord God. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]
ida.m avoca bhagavaa this / he said / Blessed One The Blessed One said this. [D.II.252 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).62]
te raajaputta.m avocu.m they / prince / spoke They spoke to the prince. [D.II.233 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).33]
maa sadda.m akattha do not / noise / make Don't make a noise. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4]
so nirodha.m phusati he / cessation / attains He attains cessation. [D.I.185 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).20]
sama.naa a.mha recluses / we are We are recluses. [D.III.84 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).9]
na ta.m deva va~ncemi not / you / lord / I deceive I do not deceive you, lord. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]
eso mahaaraaja bhagavaa this / great king / Blessed One Your majesty, this is the Blessed One. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).11]
maya.m bhagavanta.m upasa.mkamimhaa we / Blessed One / approached We approached the Blessed One. [D.II.288 — xxi.(Sakkapa~nha).2.10]
atthi kaayo there is / body There is a body. [D.II.292 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).2]
upeti pi apeti pi he comes / and / he goes / and He comes and goes. [D.I.180 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).6]
evam eta.m braahma.na thus / this / Brahmin This is so, Brahmin. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).22]

English into Pali

The wanderer said this to the fortunate one paribbaajako / avoca / etad / bhagavanta.m paribbaajako bhagavanta.m etad avoca
Those wanderers were silent te / parabbaajakaa / ahesu.m / tu.nhii te parabbaajakaa tu.nhii ahesu.m
I teach the doctrine aha.m / desemi / dhamma.m aha.m dhamma.m desemi
I am a priest aha.m / asmi / braahma.no aha.m braahma.no asmi
This king is a human being, I too am a human being aya.m / raajaa / manusso / aham / pi / manusso aya.m raajaa manusso, aham pi manusso
I love her aha.m / kaamemi / ta.m aha.m ta.m kaamemi
Don't go in (sing.) maa / paavisi maa paavisi
We said to that fortunate one maya.m / avocu.mha / ta.m / bhagavanta.m maya.m ta.m bhagavanta.m avocu.mha
Don't grieve (plur.) maa / paridevittha maa paridevittha
He goes forth (use pronoun) so / pabbajati so pabbajati
Then (add kho) Mahagovinda the priest towards those nobles approached that way atha kho / Mahaagovindo / braahma.no / yena / te / khattiyaa / upasa.mkami / tena atha kho Mahaagovindo braahma.no yena te khattiyaa tena upasa.mkami
He said this to those nobles so / avoca / etad / te / khattiye so te khattiye etad avoca
They ask me the meaning te / pucchanti / ma.m / attha.m te ma.m attha.m pucchanti
He said this to us so / avoca / etad / amhe so amhe etad avoca
She said this to me saa / avoca / etad / ma.m saa ma.m etad avoca
I teach this doctrine desemi / ima.m / dhamma.m ima.m dhamma.m desemi
This is cessation (use ida.m) aya.m / nirodho aya.m nirodho
You are (emphatically) priests, O Vasetthas tumhe / attha / kho / braahma.naa / Vaase.t.thaa tumhe kho attha Vaase.t.thaa braahma.naa

Exercise 6 (pp. 38-39)

Pali into English

ehi tva.m purisa. yena Jotipaalo maa.navo ten' upasa.mkama. go / you / man / towards / Jotipala / young Brahmin / that way / approach You must go, my man. Approach the young Brahmin Jotipala.
Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m eva.m vadehi ... eva.m devaa ti ... Jotipala / young Brahmin / thus / say ... / yes / lord / (end-quote) ... Say this to the young Brahmin Jotipala ... "Yes, lord" ...
so puriso Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m etad avoca: that / man / Jotipala / young Brahmin / this / said That man said this to the young Brahmin Jotipala:
bhava.m atthu bhavanta.m Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m. good fortune / may it be / his honor / Jotipala / young Brahmin "May good fortune be upon his honor the young Brahmin Jotipala.
raajaa Disampatii bhavanata.m Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m aamanteti ... king / Disampati / his honor / Jotipala / young Brahmin / calls King Disampati calls his honor the young Brahmin Jotipala."
Jotipaalo maa.navo yena raajaa Disampatii ten' upasa.mkami. Jotipala / young Brahmin / towards / King / Disampati / that way / approached The young Brahmin Jotipala approached King Disampati.
Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m raajaa Disampatii etad avoca. Jotipala / young Brahmin / King / Disampati / this / said King Disampati said this to the young Brahmin Jotipala:
Anusaasatu bhava.m Jotipaalo maa.navo ... may he advise / his honor / Jotipala / young Brahmin "May his honor the young Brahmin Jotipala advise." ...
te atthe anusaasati. on those / issues / he advised He advised on those issues. [D.I.231-232 (not I.231-232 as per book) — xix.(Mahaagovinda).30-31]
gaccha tva.m Aananda go / you / Ananda You must go, Ananda. [D.II.104 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.6]
ida.m hara this / take Take this. [D.I.67 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).54]
etu bhagavaa may he come / Blessed One May the Blessed One come. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).5]
aya.m sama.no Gotamo aagacchati this / recluse / Gotama / comes This recluse Gotama is coming. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4]
nibbe.thehi sace pahosi explain / if / you can Explain this if you can. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
desetu sugato dhamma.m may he preach / Blessed One / doctrine May the Blessed One preach the doctrine. [D.II.38 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.6]
pivattha khaadathaa ti drink / eat / (end-quote) "Drink, eat." [cf. D.II.147 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.19 and II.170 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).1.3]
abhikkama mahaaraaja go forward / your majesty Go forward, your majesty. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]
thuupa.m karonti monument / they make They make a monument. [D.II.142 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.11]
etha tumhe go / you You must go. [D.I.211 — xi.(Kevaddha).1]

English into Pali

Let the fortunate one sit down bhagavaa / nisiidatu nisiidatu bhagavaa
Bring that! aahara / idam ida.m aahara
That man must come so / puriso / etu etu so puriso
Let the priest not trouble braahma.no / ti.t.thatu ti.t.thatu braahma.no
He makes an opportunity karoti / okaasa.m okaasa.m karoti
The king said this: "We must go" raajaa / avoca / etad / maya.m / gacchaama / ti raajaa etad avoca: maya.m gacchaamaa ti
I do not say this world doesn't exist na / vadaami / aya.m / loko / na / atthi / ti aya.m loko na n'atthii ti na vadaami
Give that up! pajaha / ta.m ta.m pajaha
Let not the honorable Govinda go forth maa / bhava.m / Govindo / pabbaji maa bhava.m Govindo pabbaji
Study! (plur.) sajjhaaya.m / karotha sajjhaaya.m karotha
Ask the fortunate one (about) this subject matter pucchatha / bhagavanta.m / et.am / attha.m bhagavanta.m et.am attha.m pucchatha
This conch makes a noise aya.m / sa"nkho / karoti / sadda.m aya.m sa"nkho sadda.m karoti

Exercise 7 (pp. 43-44)

Pali into English

iminaa maya.m nimmitaa by him / we / created We are created by him. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]
maya.m brahmunaa nimmitaa we / by Brahma / created We have been created by Brahma. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]
desito Aananda mayaa dhammo preached / Ananda / by me / doctrine Ananda, the doctrine has been preached by me. [D.II.100 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).2.25]
iminaa tva.m purisa dhanena jiivaahi by this / you / man / wealth / live Live on this wealth, my man. [D.III.66 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).11]
vimutto tathaagato freed / Tathagata The Tathagata has been freed. [D.I.29 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.34]
te ca me eva.m pu.t.thaa aamaa ti vadanti they / and / by me / thus / asked / yes / (end-quote) / they say And having been asked thus by me, they say "Yes." [cf.D.III.28 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).2.14]
ida.m aasana.m pa~n~natta.m this / seat / prepared This seat has been prepared. [D.III.39 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
ete manussaa geha.m pavisanti these / men / house / enter These men enter the house. [D.I.83 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).96]
niggahiito 'si refuted / you are You are refuted. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
kilanto 'smi tired / I am I am tired. [~D.II.128 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.22]
daana.m detha alms / give Give alms. [D.II.357 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).33]

English into Pali

They experience happiness te / pa.tisa.mvedenti / sukha.m te sukha.m pa.tisa.mvedenti [cf.D.I.75 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).79]
The doctrine has been declared by me dhammo / pa~n~natto / mayaa mayaa dhammo pa~n~natto [D.II.154 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.1]
The wanderer is (hoti) contented paribbaajako / hoti / santu.t.tho paribbaajako santu.t.tho hoti [cf.D.I.71 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).66]
Death is misery marana.m / dukkha.m marana.m dukkha.m [D.II.305 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).18]
I have heard this me / suta.m / eva.m eva.m me suta.m [D.I.127 (not I.128 as per book) — v.(Kuu.tadanta).1]
I did the work me / kata.m / kamma.m kamma.m me kata.m [D.III.257 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(v)]
He gives a donation deti / daana.m daana.m deti [D.III.258 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vi)]
The body is tired kaayo / kilanto kaayo kilanto [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(iv)]

Exercise 8 (pp. 50-51)

Pali into English

aha.m tena samayena raajaa Mahaasudassano ahosi.m I / at that time / king / Mahasudassana / was At that time I was the king Mahasudassana. [D.II.196 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.14]
daanena n'atthi pu~n~na.m by giving / not / there is / merit There is no merit in giving. [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).17]
te'ha.m upasa.mkamitvaa eva.m vadaami them / I / having approached / thus / I say When I approach them, I say thus. [D.III.28 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).2.14]
ma.m abhivaadetvaa pakkaami me / having bid farewell / he left He bade me farewell and left. [cf. D.I.222 — xi.(Kevaddha).84]
disvaa eva.m avocumha having seen / thus / we said After seeing we said thus. [D.III.39-40 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
di.t.thaa bho satta jiivasi excellent / honorable / being / you live Excellent, honorable being, you're alive! [D.III.73 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).21]
jaya.m vera.m pasavati victory / enmity / generates Victory generates enmity. [D.III.183 — xxxi.(Sigaalaka).11]
braahma.no brahmunaa manteti Brahmin / Brahma / consults The Brahmin consults Brahma. [D.II.237 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).39]
eva.m bho ti thus / sir "Yes, sir." [D.I.236 — xiii.(Tevijja).7]
handa vata bho gacchaama well / indeed / sir / let us go Well indeed, sir, let's go. [D.III.16 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).1.19]
kaala.m karonto avoca time / making[ 1 ] / he said Dying, he said. [D.III.181 — xxxi.(Sigaalaka).2]
raajaa samaano ida.m labhati king / being / this / he receives Being a king he receives this. [D.III.146 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).1.5]
jhaana.m jhaayati absorption / he meditates He meditates on this absorption. [D.II.238 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).41]
maya.m bhagavanta.m sarana.m gacchaama, dhamma~n ca we / (to) Blessed One / (as) refuge / we go / (to) Dhamma / and We go to the Blessed One for refuge, and to the Dhamma. [D.II.43 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.16]
jiivita.m demi life / I give I give life. [D.I.148 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).28]
1 kala.m karonto = dying

English into Pali

They enter by this gate pavisanti / iminaa / dvaarena iminaa dvaarena pavisanti [D.II.83 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.17]
The king, having greeted the fortunate one, sat down raajaa / abhivaadetvaa / bhagavanta.m / nisiidi raajaa bhagavanta.m abhivaadetvaa nisiidi [D.I.50-1 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).11]
Having approached (and) greeted the fortunate one, they sat down upasa.mkamitvaa / abhivaadetvaa / bhagavanta.m / nisiidi.msu bhagavanta.m upasa.mkamitvaa abhivaadetvaa nisiidi.msu [D.II.84 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.18]
Having approached them I ask these questions upasa.mkamitvaa / te / pucchaami / ime / pa~nhe te upasa.mkamitvaa ime pa~nhe pucchaami [D.I.284 — xxi.(Sakkapa~nha).2.7]
Having dressed, taking a bowl I entered the village nivaasetvaa / aadaaya / patta.m / aha.m / paavisi.m / gaama.m aha.m nivaasetvaa patta.m aadaaya gaama.m paavisi.m [D.III.6 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).1.7]
Gentlemen! Do not say thus bhonto / maa / avocuttha / eva.m maa bhonto eva.m avocuttha [D.I.122 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).19]
The honorable Jotipala went forth bhava.m / Jotipaalo / pabbaji bhava.m Jotipaalo pabbaji [D.II.249 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).58]
(As he is) going he sees gaccha.m / passati gaccha.m passati [cf. D.III.126-7 (passa.m passati) - xxix.(Paasaadika).16]
I do not take counsel with God aha.m / na / mantemi / brahmunaa na'ha.m brahmunaa mantemi [D.II.237 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).39]
He entered the house paavisi / geha.m geha.m paavisi [cf. D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.22]
He gives a drink deti / paana.m paana.m deti [cf.D.III.258 (daana.m deti) — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.4]
I do not get food aha.m / na / labhaami / bhojana.m n' aha.m bhojana.m labhaami [cf.D.III.255-6 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(iv)]
He sees the garment passati / vattha.m vattha.m passati [cf. D.II.110 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.25]
He is (hoti) satisfied with the resting place so / hoti / santu.t.tho / senaasanena so senaasanena santu.t.tho hoti [D.III.225 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).1.11(ix)]
Living beings experience unhappiness bhuutaa / pa.tisa.mvedenti / dukkha.m bhuutaa dukkha.m pa.tisa.mvedenti [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).20]
The lay disciples come to the place upaasakaa / (tena) upasa.mkamanti / yena / padeso upaasakaa yena padeso ten' upasa.mkamanti [cf. D.II.84, 87 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.20,26 and II.198 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.17]

Exercise 9 (pp. 53-54)

Pali into English

kaayaa haayanti bodies / are abandoned Bodies are abandoned. [D.II.221 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).2]
aya.m kho saa braahma.na pa~n~naa this / indeed / that / Brahmin / wisdom Indeed, Brahmin, this is that wisdom. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).23]
esaa ta.nhaa pahiiyati this / craving / is abandoned This craving is abandoned. [D.II.310 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).20]
bhojana.m diiyati food / is given Food is given. [D.II.354 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).32]
sacca.m Nigrodha bhaasitaa te esaa vaacaa (interrogative) is it true / Nigrodha / uttered / by you / this / speech Is it true, Nigrodha, that this speech was uttered by you? [D.III.53 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).21]
sacca.m bhante bhaasitaa me esaa vaacaa (affirmative reply) it is true / lord / uttered / by me / this / speech It is true, lord, this speech was uttered by me. [D.III.54 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).21]
ida.m vuccati cittan ti vaa vi~n~naa.nan ti vaa this / is called / mind / (end-quote) / consciousness / (end-quote) / or This is called "mind" or "consciousness." [D.I.21 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.13]
taa devataa ma.m etad avocu.m those / deities / me / thus / said Those deities said this to me. [D.II.51 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.30]
atthi kho bho Ma.nikaa naama vijjaa there is / indeed / sir / Manika / called / science Indeed, sir, there is a science called "Manika." [D.I.214 — xi.(Kevaddha).7]
sa~n~naa ca vedanaa ca niruddhaa honti perceptions / and / sensations / and / ceased / they are Perceptions and sensations have ceased. [D.III.266 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.2(vi)]
Sujaataa naama bhante upaasikaa kaalakataa Sujata / named / Venerable sir / lay devotee (female) / died Venerable sir, the lay devotee Sujata has died. [D.II.92 (not II.93 as per book) — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).2.6]
eva.m pi kho Sunakkhatto mayaa vuccamaano apakkami thus / and / indeed / Sunakkhatta / by me / being said / withdrew And so Sunakkhatta, at my words, withdrew. [D.III.6 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).1.6]
sama.no Gotamo ima.m parisa.m aagacchati wanderer / Gotama / (to) this / assembly / comes The wanderer Gotama comes to this assembly. [cf. D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4 and D.III.38 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).5]

English into Pali

These phenomena are abandoned ete / dhammaa / pahiiyanti ete dhammaa pahiiyanti [D.I.195 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).40]
Goats are killed ajaa / ha~n~nanti ajaa ha~n~nanti [D.II.352 (aje.lakaa ha~n~nanti) — xxiii.(Paayaasi).31]
The priest is seen braahma.no / dissati braahma.no dissati [cf.D.III.81 — xxvii.4
Ignorance is given up avijjaa / pahiiyati avijjaa pahiiyati [D.II.215 — xviii.(Janavasabha).25]
He is called an ascetic so / vuccati / sama.no so sama.no vuccati [D.I.167 — viii.(Mahaasiihanaada).15]
This is called misery ida.m / vuccati / dukkha.m ida.m vuccati dukkha.m [D.II.307 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).18]
Taking a garland they went to the hall aadaaya / maala.m / (tena) upasa.mkamimsu / yena / salaa maala.m aadaaya yena salaa ten' upasa.mkamimsu [cf. D.II.265 — xxi.(Sakkapa~nha).1.4]

Exercise 10 (pp. 59-60)

Pali into English

na cira.m tathaagatassa parinibbaana.m bhavissati not / a long time / of the Tathagata / the passing away / will be The passing away of the Tathagata will not be long. [D.II.114 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.37]
imassa jayo bhavissati for this one / victory / there will be There will be victory for this one. [D.I.10 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.23]
braahma.naa brahmuno puttaa Brahmins / of Brahma / sons The Brahmins are sons of Brahma. [D.III.81 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).3]
dukkhass' anta.m karissanti of suffering / end / they will make They will make an end of suffering. [D.I.54 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).20]
aaropito te vaado disproved / of you / the statement Your statement has been disproved. [D.I.8 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.18]
aya.m imassa bhaasitassa attho this / of this / speech / the meaning This is the meaning of this speech. [D.I.137 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).13]
maa me purato a.t.thaasi do not / of me / in front / stand Do not stand in front of me. [D.II.139 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.4]
so ma.m pa~nhena, aha.m veyyaakara.nena sobhissaami he / me / by the question / I / with an explanation / I will make clear By him questioning me, and my explaining, I will make it clear. [D.I.105 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).2.10]
tena kho pana samayena Aanando bhagavato pi.t.thito .thito hoti bhagavanta.m viijamaano at that / indeed / but / time / Ananda / the Blessed One / behind / standing / is / the Blessed One / fanning But at that time Ananda was standing behind the Blessed One fanning him. [D.II.73 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.4]
kamma.m kho pana me karontassa kaayo kilamissati action / indeed / but / of me / of doing / the body / will tire Moreover, while doing this action my body will tire. [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1.(iv)]
tassa ratanaani bhavanti his / gems / they are They are his gems. [D.II.16 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.31]

English into Pali

These people will have sons imesa.m / manussaana.m / bhavissanti / puttaa imesa.m manussaana.m puttaa bhavissanti [D.III.71 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).19]
I am his slave aha.m / amhi / tassa / daaso aha.m tassa daaso amhi [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).35]
There will be danger bhavissati / bhaya.m bhaya.m bhavissati [D.I.69 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).60]
He will teach the doctrine desessati / dhamma.m dhamma.m desessati (desissati) [D.III.76 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).25]
I will be an ascetic bhavissaami / sama.no sama.no bhavissaami [D.III.95 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).26]
The priest has a son braahma.nassa / atthi / putto atthi braahma.nassa putto [D.II.231 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).29]
They wrap the king's body in a garment ve.thenti / ra~n~no / sariira.m / vatthena ra~n~no sariira.m vatthena ve.thenti [D.II.141 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.11]
This is the pagoda of that fortunate one aya.m / hoti / thuupo / imassa / bhagavato aya.m imassa bhagavato thuupo hoti [~D.II.142 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.11]
We deserve a share of the relics of the fortunate one maya.m / arahaama / bhaaga.m / sariiraana.m / bhagavato maya.m bhagavato sariiraana.m bhaaga.m arahaama [D.II.164-165.xvi.6.24]

Exercise 11 (pp. 66-67)

Pali into English

na kho aha.m aavuso addasa.m not / indeed / I / friend / saw Indeed, friend, I did not see. [D.I.130 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.26]
aya.m tathaagatassa pacchimaa vaacaa this / of the Tathagata / last / saying This is the last utterance of the Tathagata. [D.II.156 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.7]
paamujja.m bhavissati, sukho ca vihaaro joy / will be / happiness / and / abiding There will be joy and a happy abiding. [D.I.196 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).40]
addasaa kho bhagavaa taa devataayo he saw / indeed / the Blessed One / those / deities Truly the Blessed One saw those deities. [D.II.87 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.27]
iminaa kho eva.m bho pariyaayena Jotipaalassa maa.navassa Mahaagovindo ti sama~n~naa udapaadi by this / indeed / thus / sir / course / of Jotipala / young Brahmin / Mahagovinda / [end-quote] / agreed name / arose Thus, in this way Mahagovinda ("Great Steward") arose as the agreed name of the young Brahmin Jotipala. [D.II.232 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).31]
sassato loko eternal / world The world is eternal. [D.I.187 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).25]
so gacchati dakkhi.na.m disa.m he / goes / southern / direction He is going in the southern direction. [D.I.222 — xi.(Kevaddha).85]
kusalan ti pi na bhavissati, kuto pana kusalassa kaarako good / [end-quote] / also / not / will be / whence / but / of good / doer There is not even the concept "good," let alone a doer of good. [D.III.71 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).19]
aha.m kho magga.m agamaasi.m I / indeed / path / went Indeed I went on that path. [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(iv)]
kalyaana.m vuccati braahma.na beautifully / it is said / brahmin Beautifully said, Brahmin. [D.I.110 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).2.22]
atha kho raajaa Mahaasudassano vaamena hatthena bhi"nkaara.m gahetvaa dakkhi.nena hatthena cakkaratana.m abbhukkiri then / indeed / king / Mahasudassana / with the left / hand / ceremonial water vessel / having taken / with the right / hand / wheel-gem / sprinkled Then King Mahasudassana took the ceremonial water vessel in his left hand and sprinkled the wheel-gem with his right hand. [D.II.172 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).1.8]
ida.m kusala.m this / good This is good. [D.II.222 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).7]
aya.m Jambudiipo iddho c'eva bhavissati phiito ca this / India / powerful / and / surely / will be / prosperous / and Thus this India will surely be powerful and prosperous. [~D.III.75 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).23]
micchaa pa.ti panno tva.m asi, aha.m asmi sammaa pa.tipanno wrongly / practicing / you / are / I / am / rightly / practicing You are practicing incorrectly, I am practicing correctly. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
so tato cuto idhu,upapanno he / from there / fallen / here, reborn He has fallen from there and was reborn here. [D.I.81 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).93]
addasaa paribbaajako bhagavanta.m aagacchanta.m saw / the wanderer / the Blessed One / coming The wanderer saw the Blessed One coming. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4]
sa~n~naa uppajjanti pi nirujjhanti pi perceptions / arise / and / cease / and Perceptions arise and pass away. [D.I.180 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).6]
bhagavato aabaadho uppajji to the Blessed One / illness / arose Illness arose in the Blessed One. [D.II.127 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.20]
sa.mvara.m aapajjati restraint / he acquires He practices restraint. [D.I.85 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).100]
aha.m kho kamma.m akaasi.m. kamma.m kho pana me karontassa kaayo kilanto, handa,aha.m nipajjaami I / indeed / work / did / work / indeed / but / of me / of the doing / body / tired / then, I / lie down I worked. But truly while doing this work my body tired, so I am lying down. [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1.(iv)]
ima.m maya.m addasaama idha upapanna.m this / we / we saw / here / arisen We saw this arisen here. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]

English into Pali

The universe is infinite loko / ananto ananto loko [D.I.188 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).25]
This is not easy ida.m / na / sukara.m na ida.m sukara.m [D.I.63 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).41]
I followed the road aha.m / pa.tipajji.m / magga.m aha.m magga.m pa.tipajji.m [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1.(iv)]
The king saw the boy raajaa / addasaa / kumaara.m raajaa kumaara.m addasaa [D.II.16 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.31]
The city was prosperous nagara.m / ahosi / phiita.m nagara.m phiita.m ahosi [cf. D.II.146 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.18, I.211 — xi.(Kevaddha).1]
He is fixed, permanent, eternal so / dhuvo / nicco / sassato so dhuvo nicco sassato [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.6]
We saw the fortunate one maya.m / addasaama / bhagavanta.m maya.m bhagavanta.m addasaama [D.III.39 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
The speech is agreeable vaacaa / kantaa vaacaa kantaa [D.III.173 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).2.22]
My life was given by him, his life was given by me mama / jiivita.m / dinna.m / tena / tassa / jiivita.m / dinna.m / mayaa mama jiivita.m tena dinna.m, tassa jiivita.m mayaa dinna.m [cf. D.I.148 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).28]
See! Ananda — They are past, ended, changed passa / Aananda / te / atiitaa / niruddhaa / pari.nataa pass' Aananda te atiitaa niruddhaa pari.nataa [D.II.198 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.16]
He has much gold tassa / hoti / pahuuta.m / suvanna.m tassa pahuuta.m suva.n.na.m hoti [cf. D.II.351 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29 and III.163 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).2.2]

Exercise 12 (pp. 75-76)

Passage for Reading

Bhuutapubba.m a~n~nataro sa"nkhadhamo sa"nkha.m aadaaya paccantima.m janapada.m agamaasi. in the past / a certain / conchblower / conch / having taken / neighboring / country / went In the past, a certain conchblower took his conch and went to a neighboring country.
so yen' a~n~nataro gaamo ten' upasa"nkami. he / towards / a certain / village / there / he approached There he approached a particular village,
upasa"nkamitvaa sa"nkha.m upalaasitvaa having approached / conch / having sounded and drawing near, he sounded his conch,
sa"nkha.m nikkhipitvaa nisiidi. conch / having put down / he sat down put it on the ground and then sat down.
atha kho tesa.m paccantajanaana.m manussaana.m etad ahosi: then / indeed / to those / foreign / people / this / occurred Then those foreign people thought to themselves:
kissa nu kho eso saddo eva.m rajaniiyo eva.m kamaniiyo eva.m madaniiyo of what / is it / indeed / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely / thus / intoxicating "Indeed, what is this sound that is so exciting, so lovely, and so intoxicating?"
sannipatitvaa ta.m sa"nkhadhama.m etad avocu.m: having assembled / that / conchblower / this / they said They assembled and then said to that conchblower:
ambho kissa nu kho eso saddo eva.m rajaniiyo eva.m kamaniiyo eva.m madaniiyo ti. hey you! / of what / is it / indeed / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely thus / lovely / (end-quote) "Hey you! What is this sound that is so exciting, so lovely, and so intoxicating?"
eso kho, bho, sa"nkho naama yass' eso saddo eva.m rajaniiyo eva.m kamaniiyo eva.m madaniiyo ti. this / indeed / sir / conch / named / of which / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely / thus / intoxicating / (end-quote) "This, friends, the sound of which is so exciting, so lovely, and so intoxicating, is called a conch." [D.II.337 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).19]

Pali into English

yen' ajja sama.no Gotamo dvaarena nikkhamissati ta.m Gotamadvaara.m naama bhavissati by which / today / wanderer / Gotama / by the gate / he will leave / that / Gotama gate / named / it will be The gate through which the wanderer Gotama will leave today will be called the Gotama Gate. [D.II.89 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.32]
vatthaani pi 'ssa na yathaa a~n~nesa.m clothes / and / of him / not / as / of others And his clothes are not like those of others. [D.II.28 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).2.14]
imassa ko attho of this / what / meaning What is the meaning of this? [D.III.285 — xxxiv.(Dasuttara).2.1(i)]
maya.m ya.m icchissaama ta.m karissaama we / which / we will want / that / we will do We will do what we want. [D.II.162 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.20]
kissa nu kho me ida.m kammassa phala.m, kissa kammassa vipaako of what / is it / indeed / my / this / of the action / fruit / of what / of the action / result Of what action of mine is this the fruit, of what action the result? [D.II.185 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.1]
ta.m ki.m ma~n~nanti bhonto devaa this / what / they think / honorable / gods What do the honorable gods think of this? [D.II.216 — xviii.(Janavasabha).26]
n' atthi paro loko not / there is / other / world There is no other world. [D.I.55 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).23]
ko 'si tva.m aavuso who / you are / you / friend Who are you, friend? [D.II.356 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).33]
ki.m kusala.m ki.m akusala.m what / wholesome / what / unwholesome What is wholesome, what is unwholesome? [D.III.61 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).5]
ke tumhe who / you (pl.) Who are you? [D.III.84 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).9]
raajaa samaano ki.m labhati king / being / what / he receives Being king what does he receive? [D.III.146 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).1.5]
iminaa me upasamena Udaayibhaddo kumaaro samannaagato hotu with this / my / with calm / Udaayibhadda / prince / endowed / may he be May my Prince Udayibhadda be endowed with this calm. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).12]
puccha mahaaraaja yad aaka"nkhasi ask / great king / what / you wish Ask what you wish, your majesty. [D.I.51 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).13]
karoti te bhagavaa okaasa.m he makes / for you / Blessed One / opportunity The Blessed One gives you permission. [D.II.150 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.25]
ya.m kho 'ssa na kkhamati ta.m pajahati which / indeed / to him / not / it pleases / that / he abandons Truly he abandons that which does not please him. [D.III.43 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).10]

English into Pali

He gave to me adaasi / mama mama adaasi [D.III.258 (adaasi me) — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vi)]
Prince Udayibhadda (is) dear to me kumaaro / Udaayibhaddo / piyo / me Udaayibhaddo kumaaro me piyo [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).12]
The fortunate one, taking a bowl, entered the village for alms bhagavaa / aadaaya / patta.m / paavisi / gama.m / pi.n.daaya bhagavaa patta.m aadaaya gama.m pi.n.daaya paavisi [cf.D.I.178 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).2 and D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.22]
He teaches the doctrine for "extinction" deseti / dhamma.m / nibbaanaaya nibbaanaaya dhamma.m deseti [cf.D.III.55 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).21]
He eats what he likes bhu~njati / (ta.m) ya.m / khamati ya.m khamati ta.m bhu~njati [D.III.43 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).10]
Then (atha) the gate by which the fortunate one left was named Gotama Gate atha / (kho) / dvaarena / yena / bhagavaa / nikkhami / (ta.m) / ahosi / naama / Gotamadvaara.m atha kho yena dvaarena bhagavaa nikkhami ta.m Gotamadvaara.m naama ahosi [D.II.89 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.32]
What do you think, then, great king? ki.m / ma~n~nasi / ta.m / mahaaraaja ta.m ki.m ma~n~nasi mahaaraaja [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).35]
We have come here to see the honorable Gotama maya.m / upasa.mkantaa / idha / dassanaaya / bhavanta.m / Gotama.m maya.m bhavanta.m Gotama.m dassanaaya idh' upasa.mkantaa [D.I.89 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.7]
Did you hear a noise, sir? I didn't hear a noise, sir! ki.m / assosi / sadda.m / bho / aha.m / na / assosi.m / sadda.m / bho ki.m bho sadda.m assosi. na bho aha.m sadda.m assosi.m [D.II.130 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.27]
We do not see his soul leaving maya.m / na / passaama / assa / jiiva.m / nikkhamanta.m na maya.m assa jiiva.m nikkhamanta.m passaama [D.II.333 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).14]

Exercise 13 (pp. 84-85)

Passage for Reading

Te ta.m sa"nkha.m uttaana.m nipaatesu.m: vadehi, bho sa"nkha, vadehi, bho sa"nkhaa 'ti. they / this / conch / lying down / they put down / speak / sir / conch / speak / sir / conch / (end-quote) They laid the conch down on its back: "Speak, sir conch, speak!".
n' eva so sa"nkho saddam akaasi. not / even / this / conch / sound / made But the conch made no sound at all.
te ta.m sa"nkha.m passena nipaatesu.m ... uddha.m .thapesu.m ... they / this / conch / on its side / they put down / ... / up / they made stand They laid the conch on its side ... they stood it up ...
da.n.dena aako.tesu.m ... sandhuni.msu: with a stick / they struck / ... / they shook they struck it with a stick ... they shook it:
vadehi, bho sa"nkha, vadehi, bho sa"nkhaa 'ti. speak / sir / conch / speak / sir / conch / (end-quote) "Speak, sir conch, speak!"
n' eva so sa"nkho saddam akaasi. not / even / this / conch / sound / made But the conch made no sound.
atha kho tassa sa"nkhadhamassa etad ahosi: then / indeed / to this / conch blower / this / occurred Then the conch blower thought to himself:
yaava baalaa ime paccantajaa manussaa. to what extent / fools / these / foreign / people "What fools these foreign people are!
katha.m hi naama ayoniso sa"nkha,sadda.m gavesissantii ti. why / indeed / then / unmethodically / conch, sound / they look for / (end-quote) Why do they look for the conch sound so unmethodically?"
tesa.m pekkhamaanaana.m sa"nkha.m gahetvaa tikkhattu.m sa"nkha.m upalaasitvaa sa"nkha.m aadaaya pakkaami. of these / looking on / conch / having picked up / three times / conch / having played / conch / having taken / he departed While they were looking on, he picked up the conch, blew it three times, took the conch, and departed. [D.II.337-8 (not II.357-8 as per book) — xxiii.(Paayaasi).19]

Pali into English

braahma.no mante vacesi Brahmin / mantras / recited The Brahmin recited the mantras. [D.II.236 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).37]
so ta.m citta.m bhaaveti he / that / thought / develops He develops that thought. [D.III.259 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vii)]
na ta.m deva paccatthikaana.m demi not / you / Lord / to enemies / I give Lord, I do not give you up to your enemies. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]
aya.m dukkha-samudayo this / of suffering-origin This is the origin of suffering. [D.I.84 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).98]
raajaa kumaarassa paasaade kaaraapesi king / for the prince / palaces / he has built The king has palaces built for the prince. [D.II.21 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.38]
so iminaa ca ariyena siila-kkhandhena sammanaagato iminaa ariyena indriya-sa.mvarena sammanaagato . . . vivitta.m senaasana.m bhajati: ara~n~na.m, rukkhamuula.m, pabbata.m . . . abbhokaasa.m palaala-pu~nja.m he / with this / and / noble / of virtue-mass / endowed / with this / noble / of faculty-restraint / endowed / . . . / isolated / resting place / he resorts to / forest / foot of a tree / mountain / . . . / open air / of straw-heap Endowed with this noble mass of virtue and with restraint of the faculties ... he resorts to an isolated resting place: a forest, the foot of a tree, a mountain ... a heap of straw in the open air. [D.I.71 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).67]
idha tathaagatena anuttara.m dhamma-cakka.m pavattita.m here / by the Buddha / unsurpassed / of Damma-wheel / set in motion Here the unsurpassed wheel of Dhamma has been set in motion by the Buddha. [D.II.140 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.8]
ida.m paniita.m this / excellent This is excellent. [D.II.223 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).7]
ye maala.m aaropessanti, tesa.m ta.m bhavissati sukhaaya those who / garland / they will put on top of / for them / this / will be / for happiness Whoever will lay on a garland will reap happiness. [D.II.161 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.17]
tva.m pana samma Jiivaka ki.m tu.nhi you / but / dear / Jivaka / why / silent But, dear Jivaka, why are you silent? [D.I.49 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).8]
kacci ma.m samma Jiivaka na paccatthikaana.m desi perhaps? / me / dear / Jivaka / not / to enemies / you give Are you not, my dear Jivaka, giving me up to my enemies? [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]

English into Pali

This is the cessation of unhappiness aya.m / dukkha-nirodho aya.m dukkhanirodho [D.I.84 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).98]
(It is) now the time for extinction of the fortunate one daani / parinibbaana-kaalo / bhagavato parinibbaanakaalo daani bhagavato [D.II.112 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.34]
Cunda the son of a smith, having had delicious dishes prepared, had the time announced to the fortunate one: "(It is) time, sir, the meal is ready." Cundo / kammaara-putto / pa.niita.m / khaadaniya.m / pa.tiyaadaapetvaa / kaala.m / aarocaapesi / bhagavato / kaalo / bhante / bhatta.m / ni.t.thita.m / (ti) Cundo kammaaraputto pa.niita.m khaadaniya.m pa.tiyaadaapetvaa bhagavato kaala.m aarocaapesi: kaalo bhante ni.t.thita.m bhattan ti [D.II.127 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.17]
The lion, king of the beasts, went out siiho / miga,raajaa / nikkhami siiho migaraajaa nikkhami [D.III.23 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).2.6]
There are other profound, delightful, doctrines which the "thus-gone" makes known atthi / a~n~ne / gambhiiraa / pa.niitaa / dhammaa / ye / tathaagato / pavedeti atthi a~n~ne dhammaa gambhiiraa pa.niitaa ye tathaagato pavedeti [D.I.12 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.28]
He develops that thought bhaaveti / ta.m / citta.m ta.m citta.m bhaaveti [D.III.259 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).3.1(vii)]
The king, having had the priests invited, said this: "Let the priests see the boy" raajaa / braahma.ne / aamantaapetvaa / avoca / etad / braahma.naa / passantu / kumaara.m / (ti) raajaa braahma.ne aamantaapetvaa etad avoca: braahma.naa kumaara.m passantuu ti [D.II.16 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.31]
The king, having made the boy sit down, instructs (him) raajaa / kumaara.m / nisiidaapetvaa / anusaasati raajaa kumaara.m nisiidaapetvaa anusaasati [D.II.20-21 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.37]
The priest had a new house built to the east of the city braahma.no / nava.m / geha.m / kaaraapesi / puratthimena / nagarassa braahma.no nagarassa puratthimena nava.m geha.m kaaraapesi [D.II.239 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).43]
Recite the prayers! (plural) vaacetha / mante mante vaacetha [D.II.238 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).41]
I set free the goats aha.m / mu~ncaapemi / aje aha.m aje mu~ncaapemi [D.I.147-148 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).28]

Exercise 14 (pp. 94-95)

Passage for Reading

bhuutapubba.m a~n~nataro janapado vu.t.thaasi. in the past / a certain / district / emigrated In the past the people of a certain district emigrated.
atha kho sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: aayaama samma. then / indeed / friend / friend / addressed / let us go / my dear Then one friend said to another: "Let's go, my dear.
yena so janapado ten' upasa.mkamissaama. towards / that / district / there / let us approach Let's go to that district.
app eva naam' ettha ki~nci dhana.m adhigaccheyyaamaa ti. perhaps / thus / indeed / in this case / whatever / wealth / we could acquire / (end-quote) Perhaps we could acquire some riches in this case."
eva.m sammaa'ti kho sahaayako sahaayakassa paccassosi. yes / my dear / (end-quote) / friend / to the friend / assented "Yes, my dear," assented this friend to the other.
te yena so janapado yen' a~n~natara.m gaama-pada.m ten' upasa"nkami.msu. they / towards / district / towards / a certain / village-street / there / they approached They went to a certain village street in this district.
Tatth' addasa.msu pahuuta.m saa.na.m cha.d.dita.m. there / they saw / much / hemp / abandoned There they saw a large amount of abandoned hemp.
disvaa sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: having seen / friend / friend / addressed When they saw this, one friend said to the other:
ida.m kho samma pahuuta.m saa.na.m cha.d.dita.m. this / indeed / my dear / much / hemp / abandoned "Indeed, my dear, this is a large amount of abandoned hemp.
tena hi samma tva~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m bandha, aha~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m bandhissaami. now / my dear / you / and / hemp-load / bind / I / and / hemp-load / bind Now bind a load of hemp, my dear, and I will bind another.
ubho saa.na-bhaara.m aadaaya gamissaamaa ti. both / hemp-load / taking / we will go / (end-quote) And taking both loads of hemp, we will go."
eva.m sammaa ti kho sahaayako sahaayakassa pa.tissutvaa saa.na-bhaara.m bandhi. yes / my dear / (end-quote) / friend / to the friend / having replied / hemp-load / he bound "Yes, my dear," the friend replied to the other and he bound a load of hemp. [D.II.349-350 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29]

Pali into English

puccheyyaam' aha.m bhante ka~n cid eva desa.m I would ask / I / reverend sir / which / ever / thus / topic I would ask you, reverend sir, about any topic whatever. [D.I.51 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).13]
devaa tamhaa kaayaa cavanti gods / from that / body (place) / fall Gods fall from that place. [D.I.20 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.10]
upaadaana-paccayaa bhavo from the clinging-condition / becoming With clinging as condition there is becoming. [D.II.56 — xv.2]
yan nuuna maya.m kusala.m kareyyaama what / is it not / we / good / would do What if we were to do good? [D.III.73 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).21]
na hi bhagavaa eva.m vadeyya not / indeed / Blessed One / thus / would say The blessed would surely not say such a thing. [D.III.249 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).2.2(xvii)]
na daan' ime imamhaa aabaadhaa vu.t.thahissanti not / now / these / from this / illness / they would arise These ones will not now recover from this illness. [D.II.320 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).6]
te kaalena kaala.m upsa.mkamitvaa paripuccheyyaasi them / by time / time / having approached / you should ask advice From time to time you should approach them and ask advice. [D.III.61 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).5]
tassa evam assa: aha.m kho pubbe daaso ahosi.m. so 'mhi etarahi tamhaa daasavyaa mutto of him / thus / it might be / I / indeed / before / slave / I was / I (emphatic) / am / at present / from that / slavery / freed He might think: "Before I was a slave, but now I am freed from that slavery." [D.I.72 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).72]
yattha pan' aavuso sabbaso vedayita.m n' atthi, api nu kho tattha "asmii" ti siyaa where / but / friend / completely / sensation / not / there is / perhaps / is it / indeed / in that case / I am / (end-quote) / it might be But, friend, where there is no feeling at all, would there be in that case the thought "I am"? [D.II.67 — xv.(Mahaanidaana).30]
khii.naa me aasavaa destroyed / for me / taints The taints are destroyed in me. [D.III.283 — xxxiv.(Dasuttara).1.8(x)]
na ma.m ko ci aasanena pi nimantesi not / to me / who / ever / with a seat / ever / invited And no one even offered me a seat. [D.I.91 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.13]
aayantu bhonto may they approach / sirs Approach, sirs! [D.II.233 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).32]
idha sama.no vaa braahma.no vaa kusala.m dhamma.m adhigacheyya. here / recluse / or / brahmin / or / good / mental state / he might acquire / Here a recluse or brahmin might acquire some good mental state,
kusala.m dhamma.m adhigantvaa na parassa aaroceyya. good / mental state / having acquired / not / to another / he should inform / and having acquired that good mental state, he should not inform another.
ki.m hi paro parassa karissati. what / indeed / one / to another / he will do / For indeed what can one person do for another?
seyyathaa pi naama puraa.na.m bandhana.m chinditvaa just as / and / then / old / fetter / having cut / Just as if, then, having cut one fetter,
a~n~na.m nava.m bandhana.m kareyya. another / new / fetter / he would make he would create a new one. [D.I.224 — xii.(Lohicca).2]

English into Pali

I got up from my seat and left aha.m / u.t.thaaya / aasanaa / pakkaami.m aha.m u.t.thaay' aasanaa pakkaami.m [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).18]
If the philosopher Gotama should come to this assembly we will ask him this question sace / sama.no / Gotamo / aagaccheyya / ima.m / parisa.m / puccheyyaama / ta.m / ima.m / pa~nha.m sace sama.no Gotamo ima.m parisa.m aagaccheyya ta.m ima.m pa~nha.m puccheyyaama [D.III.40 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
What should we do? ki.m / kareyyaama ki.m kareyyaama [D.III.73 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).21]
I should do meritorious actions aha.m / kareyya.m / pu~n~naani aha.m pu~n~naani kareyya.m [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).35]
Sensation is caused by contact vedanaa / phassa,paccayaa phassapaccayaa vedanaa [D.II.56 — xv.(Mahaanidaana).2]
You should explain it as it pleases you (tathaa) / vyaakareyyaasi / ta.m / yaathaa / khameyya / te yaathaa te khameyya tathaa ta.m vyaakareyyaasi [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).34]
We would invite him to sit down maya.m / nimanteyyaama / ta.m / aasanena maya.m ta.m aasanena nimanteyyaama [D.I.60-61 (not I.60 as per book) — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).36]
There will be an eclipse of the moon bhavissati / canda-(g)gaaho candaggaaho bhavissati [D.I.10 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.24]
There is nothing here n'atthi / ki~nci / ettha n'atthi ki~nci ettha [D.II.331 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).13]
The priests would banish the priest from the city braahma.naa / pabbaajeyyu.m / braahma.na.m / nagaraa braahma.naa nagaraa braahma.na.m pabbaajeyyu.m [D.I.98 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.26]

Exercise 15 (pp. 99-100)

Passage for Reading

te ubho saa.na-bhaara.m aadaaya yen' a~n~natara.m gaama-pada.m ten' upasa.mkami.msu. they / both / hemp-load / having taken / towards / a certain / village-street / there / they approached Both bearing their loads of hemp, they approached another village street.
tatth' addasa.msu pahuuta.m saa.na-sutta.m cha.d.dita.m. there / they saw / much / hemp-thread / abandoned There they saw a large amount of abandoned hemp thread.
disvaa sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: having seen / friend / friend / addressed Having seen this, one friend said to the other:
yassa kho samma atthaaya iccheyyaama saa.na.m, ida.m pahuuta.m saa.na-sutta.m cha.d.dita.m. for which / indeed / my dear / purpose / we would want / hemp / this / much / hemp-thread / abandoned "My dear, this large amount of abandoned hemp thread is just what we want hemp for."
tena hi samma tva~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.dehi, aha~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.dessaami. now / my dear / you / and / hemp-load / abandon / I / and / hemp-load / abandon Now abandon your load of hemp, my dear, and I will abandon mine.
ubho saa.na-sutta-bhaara.m aadaaya gamissaamaa ti. both / hemp-thread-load / taking / we will go / (end-quote) And both taking a load of hemp thread, we will go."
aya.m kho me samma saa.na-bhaaro duur-aabhato ca su-sannaddho ca. this / indeed / of me / my dear / hemp-load / difficult-carried / and / well-tied up / and "This load of hemp of mine has been difficult to carry and is well tied-up.
ala.m me; tva.m pajaanaahii ti. sufficient / for me / you / understand / (end-quote) That's good enough for me; you understand."
atha kho so sahaayako saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.detvaa saa.na-sutta-bhaara.m aadiyi. then / indeed / his / friend / hemp, load / having abandoned / hemp-thread-load / took Then his companion abandoned his load of hemp and took a load of hemp thread. [D.II.350 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29]

Pali into English

tena hi braahma.na su.naahi now / brahmin / listen Now then Brahmin listen. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).23]
na tva.m ima.m dhamma-vinaya.m aajaanaasi. aha.m ima.m dhamma-vinaya.m aajaanaami. not / you / this / doctrine-discipline / you understand / I / this / doctrine-discipline / I understand You do not understand this doctrine and discipline, whereas I do understand it. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
idha tathaagato jaato here / tathagatha / born Here the Tathagatha was born. [D.II.140 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.8]
ko ima.m dhamma.m khippa.m eva aajaanissati who / this / doctrine / quickly / even / will understand Who would understand this doctrine so quickly? [D.II.40 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.8]
ekacco daana.m deti sama.nassa vaa braahma.nassa vaa anna.m paana.m vattha.m yaana.m maalaa-gandha-vilepana.m seyyaavasatha-padiipeyya.m someone / charity / gives / to a recluse / or / to a brahmin / or / food / drink / clothing / carriage / garlands-scent-ointment / bed-room-lamp Someone gives to a recluse or Brahmin food, drink, clothing, transportation, garlands, perfume, ointment, a bed, a room, or lamps. [D.III.259 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vii)]
ko nu kho pana bho jaanaati. madaniiyaa kaamaa. who / is it / indeed / but / sir / knows / intoxicating / sense pleasures But who knows, sir? Sense pleasures are intoxicating. [D.II.234 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).34]
jaanaahi yadi vaa ta.m bhavanta.m Gotama.m tathaa santa.m yeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vaa no tathaa know you / whether / or / this / honorable / Gotama / true / existing / surely / sound / disseminated / whether / or / not / true Find out whether or not it is true that this honorable Gotama is just as reported. [D.I.88 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.5]
tassa eva.m jaanato eva.m passato kaam-aasavaa pi citta.m vimuccati bhav-aasavaa pi citta.m vimuccati avijj-aasavaa pi citta.m vimuccati of him / thus / of one knowing / thus / of one seeing / sense desire-taint / and / mind / is freed / becoming-taint / and / mind / is freed / ignorance-taint / and / mind / is freed The mind of one who thus knows and sees is freed from the taints of sense desire, becoming, and ignorance. [D.I.84 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).97]
ya.m ki~n ci samudaya-dhamma.m, sabban ta.m nirodha-dhamma.m which / whatever / arising nature / all / that / cessation-nature Whatever is of the nature to arise, is of the nature to cease. [D.II.41 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.11]
n' atthi jaatassa amarana.m not / there is / for one born / not death There is no immortality for anyone born. [D.II.246 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).51]

English into Pali

What I know, you know; what you know, I know ya.m / aha.m / jaanaami / tva.m / (ta.m) jaanaasi / ya.m / tva.m / jaanaasi / aha.m / (ta.m) jaanaami yam aha.m jaanaami ta.m tva.m jaanaasi, ya.m tva.m jaanaasi tam aha.m jaanaami [D.I.88 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.3]
I learn the saying of the fortunate one aajaanaami / bhaasita.m / bhagavato bhagavato bhaasita.m aajaanaami [D.I.184 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).18]
He will grasp what I explain (fut.) quickly (ta.m) aajaanissati / ya.m / vyaakarissaami / khippa.m ya.m vyaakarissaami ta.m khippa.m aajaanissati [D.II.150 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.25]
After some time he hears the excellent doctrine aparena / samayena / so / su.naati / pa.niita.m / dhamma.m so aparena samayena pa.niita.m dhamma.m su.naati [D.II.214 — xviii.(Janavasabha).23]
The fortunate one, taking robe-and-bowl, entered Raajagaha for alms bhagavaa / aadaaya / patta-ciivara.m / paavisi / Raajagaha.m / pi.n.daaya bhagavaa pattaciivara.m aadaaya Raajagaha.m pi.n.daaya paavisi [D.III.180 — xxx1.2]
Stop! Aananda, don't grieve ala.m / Aananda / ma / paridevi ala.m Aananda ma paridevi [D.II.144 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.14]
He understands that (use direct speech) these beings (are) endowed with bad-conduct-of-the-body pajaanaati / ime / sattaa / sammannaagataa / kaaya-du-ccaritena / ti ime sattaa kaayaduccaritena sammannaagataa ti pajaanaati [D.I.82 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).95]
Not-memorizing that speech, I left anuga.nhanto / ta.m / vaaca.m / pakkaami.m ta.m vaaca.m anuga.nhanto pakkaami.m [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).18]
Why (is) this unexplained by the philosopher Gotama? kasmaa (pana) / eta.m / avyaakata.m / sama.nena / Gotamena kasmaa pan' eta.m sama.nena Gotamena avyaakata.m [D.I.188 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).28]
You (plur.) have gone forth from house to homelessness tumhe / pabbajitaa / agaarasmaa / anagaariya.m tumhe agaarasmaa anagaariya.m pabbajitaa [D.III.84 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).9]

Exercise 16 (pp. 111-113)

Passages for Reading

Passage 1

te yen' a~n~natara.m gaama-pada.m ten' upasa.mkami.msu. they / towards / a certain / village street / there / they approached They approached another village street.
tatth' addasa.msu pahuuta.m khoma.m cha.d.dita.m. there / they saw / much / flax / abandoned There they saw a large amount of abandoned flax.
disvaa ...pe... pahuuta.m khoma-sutta.m cha.d.dita.m. having seen / etc. / much / flax thread / abandoned When they saw this ...etc. ... a large amount of abandoned flax thread.
disvaa ...pe... pahuuta.m suva.n.na.m cha.d.dita.m. having seen / etc. / much / gold / abandoned When they saw this ...etc. ... a large amount of abandoned gold.
disvaa sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: having seen / friend / friend / addressed When they saw this, one friend said to the other:
yassa kho samma atthaaya iccheyyaama saa.na.m vaa saa.nasutta.m vaa ... siisa.m vaa sajjhu.m vaa, ida.m pahuuta.m suva.n.na.m cha.d.dita.m. for which / indeed / my dear / purpose / we would want / hemp / or / hemp, thread / or / ... / lead / or / silver / or / this / much / gold / abandoned "My dear, this large amount of abandoned gold is the very reason that we want hemp, or hemp thread, or ... lead, or silver.
tena hi, samma tva~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.dehi, now / my dear / you / and / hemp load / abandon Now abandon your load of hemp, my dear,
aha~n ca sajjhu-bhaara.m, cha.d.dessaami, I / and / silver load / abandon and I will abandon my load of silver,
ubho suva.n.na-bhaara.m aadaaya gamissaamaa ti. both / gold load / taking / we will go / (end-quote) And both taking a load of gold, we will go."
aya.m kho me samma saa.na-bhaaro duur-aabhato ca su-sannaddho ca. this / indeed / of me / my dear / hemp load / difficult carried / and / well tied up / and "This load of hemp of mine has been difficult to carry and is well tied-up.
ala.m me; tva.m pajaanaahii ti. sufficient / for me / you / understand / (end-quote) That's good enough for me; you understand." [D.II.350-351 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29]

Passage 2

bhuutapubba.m a~n~nataro suukara-posako puriso sakamhaa gaamaa a~n~na.m gaama.m agamaasi. in the past / a certain / pig-raiser / man / from own / village / other / village / he went Once, a certain man who raised pigs went from his own village to another.
tatth' addasaa pahuuta.m sukkha-guutha.m cha.d.dita.m. there / he saw / much / dry-dung / abandoned There he saw a large amount of abandoned dried dung.
disvaan' assa etad ahosi: having seen / to him / thus / it was When he saw this, he thought to himself:
aya.m me bahuko sukkha-guutho cha.d.dito, mama~n ca suukara-bhatta.m. this / for me / much / dry-dung / abandoned / my / and / pig-food "This is a lot of abandoned dried dung for me, and this is food for my pigs.
ya.n nuunaa-ha.m ito sukkha-guutha.m hareyyan ti. which / is it not I / from here / dry dung / I should take / (end-quote) Why shouldn't I take this dried dung from here?"
so uttaraa-sa"nga.m pattharitvaa pahuuta.m sukkha-guutha.m aaharitvaa he / outer-robe / having spread / much / dry-dung / having taken He spread out his cloak, took a load of dried dung,
bha.n.dika.m bandhitvaa siise ubbaahetvaa, agamaasi. in a bundle / having bound / on the head / having lifted up / he left bound it up in a bundle, lifted it up onto his head, and left.
tassa antaraa magge mahaa akaala-megho paavassi. of him / whilst / on the way / great / untimely-cloud / rained heavily Whilst on his way, a large unseasonable raincloud drenched him.
so uggharanta.m paggharanta.m yaava agga-nakhaa guuthena makkhito guutha-bhaara.m aadaaya agamaasi. he / oozing / dripping / as far as / tip-toenails / with dung / smeared / dung-load / taking / he went Bearing his load of dung, which was oozing and dripping down to the tips of his toenails, he went on his way smeared with dung.
tam ena.m manussaa disvaa evam aaha.msu: then / him / people / having seen / thus / they said Then people, on seeing him, said thus:
kacci no tva.m bha.ne ummatto, kacci viceto. aren't you? / not / you / I say! / mad / aren't you? / daft "I say! You must be mad, you must be daft?
katha.m hi naama uggharanta.m paggharanta.m yaava agganakhaa guuthena makkhito guutha-bhaara.m harissasii ti. why / for / indeed / oozing / dripping / as far as / tip, toe nails / with dung / smeared / dung load / you will carry / (end-quote) How could you, smeared with dung, carry a load of dung, oozing and dripping down to the tips of your toenails?"
tumhe kho ettha bha.ne ummattaa tumhe vicetaa you / indeed / here / I say! / mad / you / daft "In this case, I say that you are mad, you are daft,
tathaa hi pana me suukara-bhattan ti. since / though / but / for me / pig-food / (end-quote) since for me this is pig food." [D.II.347-348 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).25]

Pali into English

Bhagavaa Raajagahe viharati Blessed One / at Rajagaha / was living The Blessed One was living at Rajagaha. [D.I.47 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).1]
ime candima-suriyaa parasmi.m loke na imasmi.m these / moon-sun / in other / in the world / not / in this This sun and moon are in the other world, not in this world. [D.II.319 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).5]
kismi.m vivaado on what / quarrel What is the quarrel about? [D.I.237 — xiii.(Tevijja).9]
eva.m vutte a~n~nataro raaj-aamacco raajaana.m etad avoca thus / on it said / a certain / king minister / the king / this / he said After this was said, a certain king's minister said this to the king. [D.I.47 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).2]
na daani tena cira.m jiivitabba.m bhavissati not / now / by this / for a long time / to be lived / he will be Now he does not have long to live. [D.II.22 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).2.2]
so bhotaa ra~n~na vippa.tisaaro na kara.niiyo this / by honorable / by the king / regret / not / ought to be done This honorable king should not show such regret. [D.I.138 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).15]
na kho pan' eta.m Po.t.thapaada eva.m da.t.thabba.m not / indeed / but / this / Potthapada / thus / to be considered But, Potthapada, this surely should not be considered this way. [D.I.196 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).40]
ki~n cid eva kara.niiya.m uppajji what / ever / thus / to be done / arose Some business or other came up. [D.II.340 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).21]
ida.m sevitabba.m, ida.m na sevitabba.m this / to be practiced / this / not / to be practiced This is to be practiced, and this is not to be practiced. [D.II.223 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).7]

English into Pali

If now I were to ask the philosopher Gotama a question, ce / va kho pana / aha.m / puccheyya.m / sama.na.m / Gotama.m / pa~nha.m aha.m ce va kho pana sama.na.m Gotama.m pa~nha.m puccheyya.m,
if in that connection the philosopher Gotama were to say to me thus: ce / tattha / sama.no / Gotamo / vadeyya / ma.m / eva.m tattha ce sama.no Gotamo ma.m eva.m vadeyya:
"Priest, this question, now, should not be asked thus, braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / ca / na / pucchitabbo / eva.m na c' eso braahma.na pa~nho eva.m pucchitabbo,
but thus, priest, this question should be asked," naama / eva.m / braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / pucchitabbo / (iti) eva.m naam' eso braahma.na pa~nho pucchitabbo ti
this assembly would despise me for that: aya.m / parisaa / paribhaveyya / ma.m / tena tena ma.m aya.m parisaa paribhaveyya:
"The priest Sonadanda is a fool, unintelligent, braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / baalo / avyatto baalo braahma.no So.nada.n.do avyatto
he could not ask the philosopher Gotama a question consequently." asakkhi / na / pucchitu.m / sama.na.m / Gotama.m / pa~nha.m / yoniso / (ti) naasakkhi sama.na.m Gotama.m yoniso pa~nha.m pucchitun ti.
If now the philosopher Gotama were to ask me a question, ce / va kho pana / sama.no / Gotamo / puccheyya / ma.m / pa~nha.m ma.m ce va kho pana sama.no Gotamo pa~nha.m puccheyya,
and I were not to satisfy his mind with my explanation of his question, ca / aha.m / na / aaraadheyya.m / citta.m / veyyaakara.nena / tassa / pa~nhassa tassa caaha.m pa~nhassa veyyaakara.nena citta.m na aaraadheyya.m,
if in that connection the philosopher Gotama were to say to me thus: ce / tattha / sama.no / Gotamo / vadeyya / ma.m / eva.m tattha ce sama.no Gotamo ma.m eva.m vadeyya:
"Priest, this question, now, should not be explained thus, braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / ca / na / pucchitabbo / eva.m na c' eso braahma.na pa~nho eva.m pucchitabbo,
but thus, priest, this question should be explained," naama / eva.m / braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / vyaakaatabbo / (iti) eva.m naam' eso braahma.na pa~nho vyaakaatabbo ti
this assembly would despise me for that: aya.m / parisaa / paribhaveyya / ma.m / tena tena ma.m aya.m parisaa paribhaveyya:
"The priest Sonadanda is a fool, unintelligent, braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / baalo / avyatto baalo braahma.no So.nada.n.do avyatto
he couldn't satisfy his mind with his explanation of the philosopher Gotama's question." asakkhi / na / aaraadhetu.m / citta.m / veyyaakara.nena / sama.nassa / Gotamassa / pa~nhassa / (ti) naasakkhi sama.nassa Gotamassa pa~nhassa veyyaakara.nena citta.m aaraadhetun ti. [D.I.117-118 (not I.118 as per book) — iv.(So.nada.n.da).8]

Exercise 17 (pp. 120-121)

Passage for Reading

bhuutapubba.m mahaa saka.ta-sattho saka.ta-sahassa.m puratthimaa janapadaa pacchima.m janapada.m agamaasi. in the past / great / cart caravan / cart thousand / eastern / district / western / district / went Once a large caravan of a thousand carts was traveling from the east to the west.
so yena yena gacchati khippa.m eva pariyaadiyati ti.na-ka.t.th-odaka.m haritaka-va.n.na.m. it / wherever / it goes / quickly / just / it exhausts / grass-firewood water / green-color Wherever it went, it quickly exhausted the grass, firewood, water, and green stuff.
tasmi.m kho pana satthe dve satthavaahaa ahesu.m; in that / indeed / but / caravans / two / caravan-leader / there were Now in that caravan there were two caravan-leaders;
eko pa~ncanna.m sakata-sataana.m, eko pa~ncanna.m saka.ta-sataana.m. one / five / cart-hundred / one / five / cart-hundred each one consisting of five hundred carts.
atha kho tesa.m sattha-vaahaana.m etad ahosi: then / indeed / of these / of the caravan-leaders / thus / it was Then the following thought occurred to these caravan-leaders:
aya.m kho mahaa saka.ta-sattho saka.ta-sahassa.m. this / indeed / great / cart-caravan / cart-thousand "This cart caravan is indeed large with a thousand carts.
te maya.m yena yena gacchaama khippam eva pariyaadiyati ti.na-ka.t.th-odaka.m haritaka-va.n.na.m. they / we / wherever / we go / quickly / just / it exhausts / grass-firewood-water / green-color Wherever we go, the caravan quickly exhausts the grass, firewood, water, and green stuff.
yan nuuna maya.m ima.m sattha.m dvidhaa vibhajeyyaama ekato pa~nca saka.ta-sataani. which / is it not / we / this / caravan / in two / we should divide / each / five / cart hundred Why don't we divide this caravan into two, each with five hundred carts?" [D.II.342-3 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).23]

Pali into English

tena hi braahma.na su.naahi, bhaasissaami now then / Brahmin / listen / I will speak Now then, Brahmin, listen and I will speak. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).23]
diigha.m assasaami long / I breathe in I am breathing in a long breath. [D.II.291 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).2]
maa ekena dve agamittha do not / by one (way) / two / go Do not both go the same way. [D.II.45 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.22]
disvaa va maya.m ta.m bhagavanta.m Gotama.m gamissaama having seen / just / we / this / Blessed One / Gotama / we will go After we have seen the Blessed One Gotama, we will leave. [D.I.151 — vi.2]
devaa sabhaaya.m sannisinnaa honti gods / in the assembly hall / seated together / they are The gods are seated together in the assembly hall. [D.II.225 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).14]
santaan' eva nu kho saddaani naassosi, udaahu asantaani existing / just / is it not / indeed / sounds / not he heard / or / not existing Are there any sounds he did not hear, or are there not? [D.I.152 — vi.5]
aham pana agaarasmaa anagaariya.m pabbajissaami I / but / from home / to homelessness / I will go forth But I will go forth from home to homelessness. [D.III.64 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).8 ]
katame pa~nca what / five What are the five? [D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.23]
kaamesu micchaa na caritabbaa in the passions / misconduct / not / should be practiced Sexual misconduct should not be practiced. [D.III.62 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).6]
ya.m sukho bhava.m ta.m sukhaa maya.m, ya.m dukko bhava.m ta.m dukkhaa maya.m if / happy / your honor / then / happy / we / if / unhappy / your honor / then / unhappy / we If your honor is happy, then we are happy; if your honor is unhappy, then we are unhappy. [D.II.233 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).33]

English into Pali

Priests declare (one) endowed with these five characteristics a priest. braahma.naa / pa~n~naapenti / samannaagata.m / pa~ncahi / a"ngehi / braahma.na.m braahma.naa pa~ncahi a"ngehi samannaagata.m braahma.na.m pa~n~naapenti. [D.I.120 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).13]
Of these five characteristics let us except class, for what will class effect? imesa.m / pa~ncanna.m / a"ngaana.m / .thapayaama / va.n.na.m / hi / ki.m / va.n.no / karissati imesa.m pa~ncanna.m a"ngaana.m va.n.na.m .thapayaama, ki.m hi va.n.no karissati? [D.I.120 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).14]
"Don't you bother, let the priest Sonadanda discuss with me." ti.t.thatha / tu.mhe / braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / mantetu / saddhi.m / mayaa / iti ti.t.thatha tu.mhe, So.nada.n.do braahma.no mayaa saddhi.m mantetuuti. [D.I.122 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).18]
When it had been spoken thus the priest Sonadanda said this to the fortunate one: "Let the honorable Gotama not trouble, let the honorable Gotama be silent, I by myself will make a reply to them according to the doctrine." vutte / eva.m / braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / avoca / etad / Bhagavanta.m / bhava.m / Gotamo / ti.t.thatu / bhava.m / Gotamo / hotu / tu.nhii / aham / eva / karissaami / pa.tivacana.m / tesa.m / dhammena / iti eva.m vutte So.nada.n.do braahma.no Bhagavanta.m etad avoca: ti.t.thatu bhava.m Gotamo, tu.nhii bhava.m Gotamo hotu, aham eva tesa.m dhammena pa.tivacana.m karissaamii ti.
Then the priest Sonadanda said this to those priests: "Sirs! Do not speak thus: 'His honor Sonadanda surely disparages class, disparages prayers, certainly his honor Sonadanda is going over to the argument of the philosopher Gotama himself,' I do not, sir, disparage either class or prayers." attha kho / braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / avoca / etad / te / braahma.ne / bhavanto / maa / avacuttha / eva.m / bhava.m / So.nada.n.do / eva / apavadati / va.n.na.m / apavadati / mante / eka.msena / bhava.m / So.nada.n.do / anupakkhandati / vaada.m / sama.nassa / Gotamassa / eva / iti / aha.m / na / bho / apavadaami / vaa / va.n.na.m / vaa / mante / iti attha kho So.nada.n.do braahma.no te braahma.ne etad avoca: maa bhavanto eva.m avacuttha: apavadat' eva bhava.m So.nada.n.do va.n.na.m apavadati mante eka.msena bhava.m So.nada.n.do sama.nass' eva Gotamassa vaada.m anupakkhandatii ti. N'aaha.m bho apavadaami va.n.na.m vaa mante vaa ti. [D.I.122-123 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).19]
At that very time a young priest called Angaka, a nephew of the priest Sonadanda, was sitting in that assembly. tena / kho / samayena / pana / maa.navo / naama / A"ngako / bhaagineyyo / braahma.nassa / So.nada.n.dassa / hoti / nisinno / tassa.m / paarisaaya.m tena kho pana samayena So.nada.n.dassa braahma.nassa bhaagineyyo A"ngako naama maa.navo tassa.m paarisaaya.m nisinno hoti. [D.I.123 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).20]
Do you see, sirs, this young priest Angaka, our nephew? Yes, sir. passanti (nu) / bhonto / ima.m / maa.navaka.m / A"ngaka.m / amhaaka.m / bhaagineyya.m / (iti) / eva.m / bho / (iti) passanti nu bhonto ima.m A"ngaka.m maa.navaka.m amhaaka.m bhaagineyyan ti. eva.m bho ti. [D.I.123 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).20]
Where (there is) virtue, there (there is) wisdom, where wisdom, virtue. yattha / siila.m / tattha / pa~n~naa / yattha / pa~n~naa / tattha / siila.m yattha siila.m tattha pa~n~naa yattha pa~n~naa tattha siila.m. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).21]
It is reported that in the world the supreme is of-virtue-and-wisdom. akkhaayati / lokasmi.m / agga.m / siila-pa~n~naana.m / iti. siila-pa~n~naana.m lokasmi.m agga.m akkhaayatiiti. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).21]